Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:47:25.495Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relationship between Smicronyx spp. population and galling of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Lenli Claude Otoidobiga ,
Charles Vincent  and
Robin K. Stewart
Lenli Claude Otoidobiga
Affiliation:
Institut National de l'Environnement et de la Recherche Agricoles Laboratoire de Recherches de la Protection des Végétaux B. P. 403 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, West Africa
Charles Vincent*
Affiliation:
Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Blvd., Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC Canada J3B 3E6
Robin K. Stewart
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
*
E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Investigations were conducted in six farm fields (1.5 to 3 ha each) in Burkina Faso with objectives to (1) study adult Smicronyx spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) population dynamics during Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae) seed-pod production, (2) assess the impact of different population levels of Smicronyx spp. on St. hermonthica capsule production and, (3) estimate Smicronyx female reproductive success in seed-pod galls. A Univac portable sampler was used to sample adult Smicronyx spp. and St. hermonthica densities were assessed using aim2 metal quadrat. Fifty St. hermonthica shoots per field were sampled each week. Before the emergence of St. hermonthica, Smicronyx adults were found on nearby Striga éspera (Willd) Benth. fields. Striga hermonthica shoots produced on average ca. 24 seed capsules each, while each female Smicronyx galled from 12 to 32 seed pods. Seed-pod galling alone was not sufficiently high to be considered as a successful reduction factor for St. hermonthica seed production in natural conditions. Smicronyx spp. adult population levels decreased during the St. hermonthica capsule production period. Increased population levels of Smicronyx spp. resulted in higher percentages of St. hermonthica seed-pod galls, suggesting that a ugmentative techniques, if used as part of an integrated control programme could be a worthwhile strategy.

Résumé

Des recherches ont été menées dans six champs (chacun mesurant de 1.5 à 3 ha) de paysans avec pour objectifs (1) d'étudier la dynamique des adultes durant la période de production des graines de St. hermonthica, (2) d'étudier l'impact de niveaux différents de populations de Smicronyx spp. sur la production de capsule de St. hermonthica et (3) d'estimer le succès de reproduction des femelles dans les galles. Les populations d'adultes Smicronyx spp. ont été échantillonnées à l'aide d'un aspirateur portable Univac. Cinquante tiges de St. hermonthica ont été échantillonnées chaque semaine et la densité des adultes Smicronyx a été évaluée à l'aide d'un quadrat métallique de 1m2. Avant l'émergence de St. hermonthica, les adultes Smicronyx ont été trouvés sur des plantes de Striga éspera (Willd) Benth. situés dans des champs en proximité. Les tiges de St. hermonthica ont produit en moyenne 24 capsules chacunes, et chaque femelle Smicronyx a gallé de 12 à 32 capsules. La seule action gallicole des capsules n'était pas suffisante pour être considérée comme étant un facteur ayant du succès pour réduire la production de graines de St. hermonthica. Les niveaux de populations d'adultes de Smicronyx spp. ont diminué pendant la période de production de capsules de St. hermonthica. Des populations plus élevées de Smicronyx ont causé des dommages plus élevées de capsules de St. hermonthica, ce qui suggère qu'une approche augmentative pourrait être une stratégie intéressante dans le cadre d'un programme de lutte intégrée

Keywords

Smicronyx spp.CurculionidaeStriga hermonthicaScrophulariaceaewitchweedsbiological controlgallingSmicronyx spp.CurculionidaeStriga hermonthicaScrophulariaceaewitchweedslutte biologiquegalles
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , September 1998 , pp. 197 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bashir, M. O. (1987) The potential for biological control of witchweeds, pp. 183–206. In Parasitic Weeds in Agriculture. Vol. 1: Striga (Edited by Musselman, L. J.). CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.Google Scholar
Berner, D. K., Kling, J. G. and Singh, B. B. (1995) Striga research and control, a perspective from Africa. Plant Disease 79, 652–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardwell, K. F., Smith, J., Weber, G. and Awad, A. (1991) Framework for orientation of Striga research at IITA, pp. 503–511. In Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Par. Weeds, Nairobi, Kenya (Edited by Ransom, et al.), CIMMYT.Google Scholar
Combari, A. (1986) Contribution à l'étude de la germination et des moyens de lutte contre S. Iiermonthica et S. gesnerioides. Thèse de Docteur-Ingénieur. Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine. Nancy I (France), 149 pp.Google Scholar
Doggett, H. (1988) Sorghum, 2nd edition, pp. 368–404. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.Google Scholar
Greathead, D. J. (1984) The natural enemies of Striga species and the prospects for their utilisation as biological control agents, pp. 133–160. In Striga: Biology and Control. Proc. International Workshop on the Biology and Control of Striga (Edited by Ayensu, E. S. et al.). ICSU Press, Dakar, Sénégal.Google Scholar
Greathead, D. J. and Milner, J. E. D. (1971) A survey of Striga spp. (Scrophulariaceae) and their natural enemies in East Africa with a discussion on the possibilities of biological control. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 48, 111–124.Google Scholar
Jost, A., Kroschel, J. and Sauerborn, J. (1996) Studies on Smicronyxspp. and Junonia orithya and their potential for biological control of Striga hermonthica in Northern Ghana, pp. 890–897. In Advances in Parasitic Plant Research (Edited by Moreno, T. and Cubero, J.). Cordoba, Spain.Google Scholar
Khan, M. Q. and Murphy, D. V. (1955) Smicronyx albovariegatns Faust (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) on Striga spp. Ind. J. Entomol. 17, 362.Google Scholar
Lagoke, S. T. O., Parkison, V. and Agunbiade, R. M. (1991) Parasitic weeds and control methods in Africa, pp. 3–14. In Combatting Striga in Africa (Edited by Kim, S. K.). Proc. Int. Workshop organized by HTA, ICRISAT and IDRC, Ibadan, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Nikiéma, S. (1992) Conditions agro-écologiques d'infestation du sorgho par Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. en zone nord-soudanienne du Burkina Faso: Cas de Linonghin. Mémoire de Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies (D.E.A.) en sciences biologiques appliquées. Laboratoire de Botanique et de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Ouagadougou, 68 pp.Google Scholar
Pronier, I., Paré, J., Traoré, D., Vincent, C. and Stewart, R. K. (1998) An histological study of the effect of Smicronyx spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae on seed production by Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariacae). Biological Control 13, 152–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankaran, T. and Rao, V. P. (1966) Insects attacking witchweed (Striga) in India. Tech. Bull. Commonw. hist. Biol. Control 7, 63–73.Google Scholar
Sauerborn, J. (1991) The economic importance of the phytoparasites Orobanche and Striga, pp. 137–143. In Proc. V Int. Symp. Par. Weeds (Edited by Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worksham, A. D. and Parker, C.). CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
Siegfried, K. D. (1994) Socio-economic constraints to the adoption of weed control techniques: The case of Striga control in the West African semi-arid tropics. Int. J. Pest Manage. 40, 153–158.Google Scholar
Smith, M. C., Holt, J. and Webb, M. (1993) Population model of the parasitic weed Striga herinonthica (Scrophulariaceae) to investigate the potential of Smicronyx umbrinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for biological control in Mali. Crop Protection 12, 470–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M. C. and Webb, M. (1996) Estimation of the seed bank of Striga spp. (Scrophulariaceae) in Malian fields and the implications for a model of biocontrol of Striga hermonthica. Weed Res. 36, 85–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traoré, D., Vincent, C. and Stewart, R. K. (1994) Dispersion pattern of adults and vertical distribution of larvae of Srnicronyx guineanus Voss and Smicronyx umbrinus Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth (Scrophulariaceae). Insect Sci. Applic. 15, 479–485.Google Scholar
Traoré, D., Vincent, C. and Stewart, R. K. (1995) Life history of Srnicronyx guineanns Voss and Sm. umbrinus Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) in Burkina Faso. Entomophaga 40, 211–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traoré, D., Vincent, C. and Stewart, R. K. (1996a) Association and synchrony of Srnicronyx guineanns Voss and Srnicronyx umbrinus Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth (Scrophulariaceae). Biological Control 7, 307–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traoré, D., Vincent, C. and Stewart, R. K. (1996b) Effects of precipitation on emergence of Srnicronyx guineanns Voss and Srnicronyx umbrinus Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults and soil vertical distribution of pupae. Int. J. Pest Manage. 42, 9–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar