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Infestation and damage on three maize cultivars by the stalk-borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in relation to their yield in western Kenya
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 September 2011
Abstract
The effects of infestation and damage by the stalk-borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were studied in the field on the grain yield of the following maize cultivare: Inbred A (susceptible), ICZ2-CM (resistant) and Katumani Composite B (a commercial early maturing cultivar). Borer infestation levels (egg-population density and larval-pupal population density) and damage levels (follar damage and stalk damage) were significantly lower during the long rainy season of 1984 than 1985. On Inbred A, oviposition by the moths during the pre-flowering and flowering stages was much more important in causing a reduction in the grain yield than that during the post-flowering stage of the crop. There was no correlation with grain yield on ICZ2-CM and Katumani. The larval-pupal population density on Inbred A (but not on ICZ2-CM or Katumani), had a significant negative correlation with grain yield. Follar damage and stalk-tunnelling by the borer only affected the grain yield of Inbred A. Under artificial infestation, the grain yield of Katumani is reduced significantly by the borer attack, but under natural infestation it escapes due to its early maturity. By comparison, ICZ2-CM has inherent resistance to C. partellus and infestation and damage by the borer have no effect on grain yield.
Résumé
Les effets de l'infestation et les dégâts causés par le foreur de tige, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), ont été etudlés en champs, pour le rendement en grain de différents cultivars: Inbred A (sensible), ICZ2-CM (résistant), et Katumani Composite B (variété commerciale précoce). Les niveaux d'infestation (densité des populations d'oeufs et de larves) et de degâts (feuilles et tiges) ont été sensiblement plus faibles durant la longue saison des pluies de 1984 qu'en 1985. Les ovipositions durant les phases de pré-floraison et de floraison ont eu un effet nettement plus important sur la reduction du rendement en grain que celles ayant eu lieu après la floraison. Pour ICZ2-CM et Katumani, on a observé aucune corrélation avec le rendement en grain. La densité des populations de larves et pulpes sur Inbred A (et uniquement celui-la) est significativement et négativement correlée avec le rendement en grain. Les degâts foliaires et le niveau d'attaque des tiges n'ont eu d'effets sur le rendement en grain que pour Inbred A. Alors que son rendement est sensiblement diminué par les attaques du foreur en condition d'infestation artificielle, le cultivar Katumani échappe aux attaques en conditions naturelles, du fait de sa précocité. En ce qui concerne ICZ2-CM, l'absence d'incidence du foreur sur le rendement en grain est a attribuer a une resistance propre au cultivar.
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References
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