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Impact of introduced parasitoid Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoid guild on kale in semi-arid areas in Kenya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2017

Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu ,
Brigitte Nyambo  and
Sevgan Subramanian
Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Brigitte Nyambo
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Sevgan Subramanian
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Cotesia vestalis was introduced into Kenya from South Africa in March 2003 for biological control of Plutella xylostella with initial release in 2004. To confirm establishment, the rate of spread beyond the release sites and parasitism rates by C. vestalis were assessed between October 2011 and April 2012 in eastern and southeastern Kenya (Kitui, Mwingi/Yatta and Loitokitok areas). Monthly observations on kale infestation by diamondback moth, damage scores, parasitism and parasitoid guild were undertaken on 20 randomly selected plants in farmer-managed kale farms. Sampled larval and pupal stages were placed in containers and taken to the laboratory for parasitoid emergence. The infestation levels ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 DBM per plant, while damage scores ranged from 1.2 to 1.6, which correlated with the infestation levels. Cotesia vestalis was not only the most abundant parasitoid, but it had also spread to new areas from the release sites. In December, the three sites recorded an average of 50% from C. vestalis. Excluding the exotic parasitoids C. vestalis and D. semiclausum, indigenous parasitoids accounted for less than 5% total parasitism. The parasitoid guild of the diamondback moth varied between months and study sites with January recording the highest species diversity and evenness of 1.15 and 0.63, 1.28 and 0.80, 1.08 and 0.47 in Loitokitok, Kitui and Mwingi/Matuu, respectively. Therefore, C. vestalis had an impact on the management of the DBM with parasitism rate of 35% to 88% and had spread beyond the release sites.

Keywords

Plutella xylostellaCotesia vestalisparasitoid guildbiological invasionspecies diversitycompetitive displacement
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 37 , Issue 3 , September 2017 , pp. 163 - 175
Copyright
Copyright © icipe 2017 

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