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Do Generalist Phytoseiid Mites (Gamasida: Phytoseiidae) Have Interactions with Their Host Plants?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Serge Kreiter ,
Marie-Stéphane Tixier  and
Thierry Bourgeois
Serge Kreiter
Affiliation:
Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UP d'Ecologie Animale et de Zoologie Agricole, Laboratoire d'Aearologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 01, France
Marie-Stéphane Tixier
Affiliation:
Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UP d'Ecologie Animale et de Zoologie Agricole, Laboratoire d'Aearologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 01, France
Thierry Bourgeois
Affiliation:
Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UP d'Ecologie Animale et de Zoologie Agricole, Laboratoire d'Aearologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 01, France
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Abstract

In order to study factors affecting phytoseiid mite occurrence in uncultivated areas, we sampled phytoseiid mites (densities, diversity and age structure) on several plants located in 4 uncultivated areas surrounding European vineyards over 3 years to determine how plants, and mainly their leaf structure, affect mite communities. The plant composition of these areas greatly influenced phytoseiids density and diversity. The relationships between leaf structure (trichomes, pollen densities, number and structure of domatia, leaf surface) and Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) densities were also studied. The frequency of occurrence and the abundance of K. aberrans per cm2 were correlated to high trichome densities. A complex phylloplane (many hairs and shelters or domatia) can benefit K. aberrans more than other phytoseiid mite species. The number and the rating of domatia were important for the development of K. aberrans; high proportions of immatures were observed only on plants with these structures. Pollen densities were significantly correlated to trichome densities; domatia structure had only a somewhat lesser effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that K. aberrans does take up plant fluids. Our study shows how dense trichome and pollen levels can affect the development of K. aberrans populations and adds perspective to the influence of domatia on these important predaceous mite populations.

Résumé

Afin d'étudier les facteurs responsables de la présence des phytoséiides dans les zones non cultivées à proximité des parcelles, nous avons échantillonné les phytoséiides (densités, diversité et structure dáâge) sur plusieurs plantes localisées dans 4 zones non cultivées entourant des parcelles de vigne. Cette étude de 3 ans avait pour objectif de déterminer quelles plantes et surtout quelles structures des feuilles affectent les communautés d'acariens. La composition floristique de ces zones influence les densités et diversités des phytoséiides. La relation entre la structure des feuilles (trichomes, densités de pollen, nombre et structure des domaties, surface des feuilles) et les densités de Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) ont aussi été étudiés. La fréquence de la présence et l'abondance de K. aberrans par cm2 sont corrélées aux densités élevées de trichomes. Une structure complexe du phylloplan (beaucoup de poils et abris ou domaties) pourrait conférer un avantage compétitif à K. aberrans au sein de peuplements de phytoséiides. Le nombre et le niveau d'ouverture des domaties semblent importants pour le développement de K. aberrans; des proportions élevées d'immatures ayant été observées seulement sur des plantes avec ces structures. Des densités élevées de pollen sont significativement corrélées à la densité de trichomes alors que la structure des domaties a un effet plus limité. De plus, nous avons démontré que K. aberrans absorbe des liquides directement à partir de la plante. Notre étude montre combien des trichomes denses et les taux de pollen pourraient affecter le développement des populations de K. aberrans et ouvre des perspectives importantes d'étude concernant l'influence des domaties sur ces populations de prédateurs importants.

Keywords

Kampimodromus aberransleaf trichomesdomatiapollenCeltis australisKampimodromus aberranspilosité de la feuilledomatiepollenCeltis australis
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 23 , Special Issue 1: Novel Approaches to Tick and Mite Management in Africa , March 2003 , pp. 35 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2003

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