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Aspects of the biology of Orthezia insignis Browne (Ortheziidae: Homoptera) infesting Hamelia Sphaerocarpa Ruiz & Pav. (Rubiaceae) in Uganda—I. Life history

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. S. O. Epila
J. S. O. Epila
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Abstract

Descriptions and morphometrics of the eggs and waxen structures on the nymphs and adults of Orthezia insignis are given. Architecturally, the waxen designs are similar throughout the nymphal instars but vary in the construction details. On the newly hatched (issued) nymphs only structural outlines are visible under a binocular microscope and on older instars, wax secretions become progressively more copious and conspicuous. At adult stage, the greatest amount of wax is used to construct the ovisacs. Reproduction was parthenogenetic and embryogenesis was characterized by three colour changes of the eggs: the white, newly laid eggs successively turn light yellow; bright yellow and then brown before eclosion. The frequency of nymphal issuance was influenced by the relative positions of the egg batches inside the sac. Nymphs hatching from eggs laid late in life, took longer to scramble out of the sac. Evidence deduced from the rate of nymphal issuance and the mean number of light yellow eggs at any given time, suggested that ovulation, embryogenesis and eclosion are probably synchronized biological activities in Orthezia.

Development of nymphs in the laboratory took approx. 42 days and was marked by three stadial stages. Morphometrics of the right metathoracic femurs from dead nymphs and exuviae reliably confirmed a similar developmental pattern in wild population.

Résumé

Les déscriptions et morphometriques des oeufs et des modèle de cire sur les nymphes et des adultes d'Orthezia insignis sont donnés. Architecturalement, les designes ondulenses sont semblables tout au long des procesus nymphales mais les details de construction se varient. Sur les nymphes nouvellement couchés, seuls les grandes structures sont visibles à l'aide de microscope binoculaire et sur les nymphes un peu développées les sécrétions des cires deviennent de plus en plus copieux et nettes. A l'étage avancée (l'âge d'adulte) la plus grande quantité des citres est utilise pour la construction d'ovisacs. La réproduction était parthénogenèse et l'embryogenèse était caractérisée par trois changement de couleurs des oeufs; les oeufs nouvellement couchés blanc en couleurs se changent en jaune légère; ensuite en jaune brillante et en brune avant l'éclosion. La fréquence d'accouchement des nymphes était influencée par les positions relatives des oeufs dans le sac. Les nymphes éclos des oeufs tardement accouchés, ont pris un peu plus long de sortir du sac. L'évidence déduit du nombre des nymphes éclos et le nombre moyen des oeufs jaune-légère, à un moment donné, a fait croire que l'ovulation, l'embryogenèse et l'éclosion sont probablement des procesus biologiquement synchronisés d'Orthezia.

Le dévéloppement des nymphes dans la laboratoire a pris approximativement 42 jours et était caractérisé par trois étapes stadiales. Les morphometriques des fumeurs métathoracique droits des nymphes mortes et l'exuviae ont certainement confirmé un système de developpement semblable à celles des éspèces sauvages.

Keywords

Orthezia insigniswaxen architecturereproductiondevelopmentmorphometricsHamelia sphaerocarpahost plantOrthezia insignisarchitecture de cireréproductiondévéloppementmorphometriquesHamelia sphaerocarpal'arbre hôte
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , February 1986 , pp. 53 - 59
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1986

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