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An explanation for outbreaks of Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti & Mariau (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a leaf miner of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in West Africa, based on a study of mortality factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

D. Mariau  and
R. Lecoustre
D. Mariau
Affiliation:
CIRAD, TA40/PS2, 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
R. Lecoustre*
Affiliation:
CIRAD, TA40/PS2, 34398, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
*
*Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The leaf miner Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti & Mariau (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) is the most serious pest of oil palm in West Africa. A study of mortality factors was carried out at 19 sites located in seven plantations of 3000–7000 ha, over a 2–4-year period in the early 1980s throughout the forest zone of Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. All life history stages of C. lameensis were found to be attacked by natural enemies. Fluctuations in numbers of egg parasitoids were related to climatic factors and host population dynamics and parasitism rates varied substantially among sites. High egg mortality in C. lameensis, related to parasitism, was directly linked to climatic factors, mainly relative humidity. Fluctuations in egg mortality not linked to parasitism were similar among plantations. There was also a negative correlation between beetle fecundity and egg mortality; climatic conditions favourable to an increase in fecundity also disfavoured egg mortality. This can be a major cause of population increase of larval C. lameensis. Different species of larval and pupal parasitoids and predators were observed. In addition, viruses, isolated from dead larvae in galleries, killed 55–60% of the larvae, probably playing an important role in limiting populations. The destruction of mines by several species of ants also eliminated about 25% of beetle larvae. Parasitoids played a smaller role (less than 10% of larval mortality is due to parasitoids). Mortality in larvae and pupae can exceed 90%, but varied widely from one plantation to another. Examples of mortality tables are given for clearly characterized situations and they help to explain the stability of populations and the occurrence of outbreaks on a plantation or sites scale. Mortality rates lower than 98.6% can lead to population instability and an outbreak in an area.

Keywords

Coelaenomenodera lameensisoil palmElaeis guineensisparasitoidspredatorsentomopathogenic virusesclimatic factorsmortality tablesspatiotemporal variationsoutbreaksCôte d'IvoireWest Africa
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , June 2004 , pp. 159 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2004

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References

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