Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:39:18.817Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2009

Rolf D. Rosenbrock
Affiliation:
Berlin Science Center for Social Research (WZB)

Abstract

Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies as a means of preventing both the progress and spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is problematic in terms of efficacy, effectiveness, and ethics. The few desired effects are mostly offset by greater and more certain undesirable effects on individuals and society.

Type
Special Section: Assessment Of Preventive Technologies
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Abholz, H. H.Was ist Früherkennung, was kann sie leisten? In Kritische Medizin Argument Sonderband AS 178. Berlin, Hamburg: Argument-Verlag, 1988, 6399.Google Scholar
2.Barnes, D. M.New questions about AIDS test accuracy. Science, 1987, 238, 884–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Barry, M. J., et al. Screening for HIV infection: Risks, benefits and the burden of proof. Law, Medicine and Health Care, 1986, 14, 259–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Bayer, R., et al. Guidelines for confidentiality in research on AIDS. AIDS Research, 1984, 1, 275–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Blattner, W., et al. HIV causes AIDS. Science, 1988, 241, 515–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Brandt, A. M.No magic bullet. A social history of venereal disease in the United States. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
7.Burke, D. S., et al. Measurement of the false positive rate in a screening program for human immunodeficiency virus infections. New England Journal of Medicine, 1988, 319, 961–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Burr, M. L., & Elwood, P. C.Research and development of health promotion services – Screening. In Holland, W. W., Detels, R., & Know, G. (eds.), Oxford textbook of public health, vol. 3. Oxford, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1985, 373–84.Google Scholar
9.Calabrese, L. H., et al. Persistence of high risk sexual activity among homosexual men in an area of low incidence for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS Research, 1986, 2, 357–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Carlson, J. R., et al. Serological diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection by Western Blot testing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1988, 260, 674–79.Google Scholar
11.Centers for Disease Control. Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection among health care workers. MMWR, 1988, 37, 229–34.Google Scholar
12.Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with HIV. MMWR, 1989, 38, 19.Google Scholar
13.Cleary, P. D., et al. Compulsory premarital screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, technical and public health considerations. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1988, 258, 1757–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Clement, U., & Becker, S.HIV-Infektion – Psychologie und Politik. Psyche, 1989, 43, 698709.Google Scholar
15.Coates, Th. J., et al. AIDS antibody testing: Will it stop the AIDS epidemic? Will it help people infected with HIV? Invited presentation at the meetings of the American Psychological Association, New York, 1987.Google Scholar
16.Collier, A.Rapport on Track B – Clinical science and trials. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, CA: 1990, mimeo.Google Scholar
17.Bundestag, Deutscher, Enquete-kommission, “Gefahren von AIDS und wirksame Wege zu ihrer Eindämmung.” AIDS – Fakten und Konsequenzen, Zwischenbericht. Bonn: Deutscher Bundestag, 1988.Google Scholar
18.Bundestag, Deutscher, Enquete-Kommission “Gefahren von AIDS und wirksame Wege zu ihrer Eindäammung.” Bundestags-Drucksache 11/7200, Schlussbericht (final report). Bonn: Deutscher Bundestag, 1990.Google Scholar
19.Doll, L. S., et al. High-risk behavior and knowledge of HIV-antibody status in the San Francisco City Clinic cohort. IV International Conference on AIDS, Stockholm, 1988.Google Scholar
20.Duesberg, P.HIV is not the cause of AIDS. Science, 1988, 214, 514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Fife, K. H., et al. Behavorial changes among sexually active men after learning they are negative for HIV-antibody. IV International Conference on AIDS, Stockholm, 1988.Google Scholar
22.Frigo, M. A., et al. The impact of structured counselling on acute adverse psychiatric reactions associated with LAV/HTLV III antibody testing. II International Conference on AIDS, Paris, 1986.Google Scholar
23.Frösner, G. G.Wie kann die weitere Ausbreitung von AIDS verlangsamt werden? AIFO, 1987, 2, 6165.Google Scholar
24.Gathof, B., et al. Ergebnisse der Anti-HIV Testung von Blutspendern 1985–1988. Klinische Wochenschrift (Berlin), 1989, 67, 646.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Gauweiler, P.Was tun gegen AIDS? Percha: Verlag R. S. Schulz, 1989.Google Scholar
26.Gostin, L., et al. AIDS screening, confidentiality, and the duty to warn. American Journal of Public Health, 1987, 77, 361–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Gray, J. N., & Melton, G. B.The law and ethics of psychological research on AIDS. Nebraska Law Review, 1985, 64, 637–88.Google ScholarPubMed
28.Hausser, D., et al. Die Evaluation der Stop-Aids-Kampagne in der Schweiz. In Rosen-brock, R. & Salmen, A. (eds.), AIDS-Prävention. Berlin: Sigma-Verlag, 1990, 327–44.Google Scholar
29.Hearst, N., & Hulley, St. B.Preventing the heterosexual spread of AIDS. Are we giving our patients the best advice? Journal of the American Medical Association, 1988, 259, 2428–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Henriksson, B., & Rosenbrock, R.AIDS in Sweden. Publications Series of the Research Group “Health Risks and Preventive Policy” at the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), 1988, P88205.Google Scholar
31.Imagawa, D. T., et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection in homosexual men who remain seronegative for prolonged periods. New England Journal of Medicine, 1989 320, 1458–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Ippen, M.Zum Risiko einer berufsbedingten übertragung der HIV-Infektion bei Gesun heitsberufen. Hamburg: Gesundheitsbehörde Hamburg, 1988.Google Scholar
33.Joseph, J. G., et al. Coping with the threat of AIDS: An approach to psychosocial assessment. American Psychologist, 1984, 39, 1297–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Kutchinsky, B.The role of HIV testing in AIDS prevention. Copenhagen: Kriminalistik Instituts Stencilserie Nr. 46, 1988.Google Scholar
35.Lancet, . Clinical trials of Zidovudine in HIV infection. Lancet, 1989, ii, 483–84.Google Scholar
36.Lifson, A., et al. The natural history of HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men: Clinical manifestations 1978–1989. VInternational Conference on AIDS, Montreal, 1989.Google Scholar
37.Meyer, K. B., & Pauker, St. P.Screening for HIV: Can we afford the false positive rate? New England Journal of Medicine, 1987, 317, 238–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Michel, S.HIV-Antikörpertest und Verhältensdnderungen. Berlin: Publication Series of Research Group “Health Risks and Preventive Policy” at the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), 1988, P88204.Google Scholar
39.Miike, L.AIDS antibody testing. Testimony before the US Congress Committee on Small Business, 10 19, 1987. Washington, DC: 1987, mimeo.Google Scholar
40.Miike, L., et al. Test to diagnose or predict disease. In Office of Technology Assessment (ed.), Medical testing and health insurance. Washington, DC: Congress of the United State 1988, 121–32.Google Scholar
41.Nationaler AIDS-Beirat. Neurologisch-psychiatrische Aspekte der HIV-Infektion und gefahrgeneigte Tdtigkeiten. Votum 19 vom 12.04.1989, Bonn.Google Scholar
42.Ohi, G., et al. Notification of HIV carriers: Possible effect on uptake of AIDS testing. Lancet, 1988, ii, 947–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Osborn, J. E.AIDS: Politics and science. New England Journal of Medicine, 1988, 318, 444–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Ostrow, D. G., et al. Mental health and behavioral correlates of HIV antibody testing in a cohort of gay men. IV International Conference on AIDS, Stockholm, 1988.Google Scholar
45.Payer, L.Medicine and culture: Varieties of treatment in the United States, England, Germany, and France. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1988.Google Scholar
46.Peyton, J. Bedingungen und Verlauf der AIDS-Aufklräung für schwule Männer in San Francisco. In Rosenbrock, R. & Salmen, A. (eds.), AIDS-Prävention. Berlin: Sigma-Verlag, 1990, 321–26.Google Scholar
47.Polesky, H. F., et al. Update: Serologic testing for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR, 1988, 36, 838–40.Google Scholar
48.Richters, J., et al. Low condom breakage rate in commercial sex. Lancet, ii, 1988, 1487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49.Rosenbrock, R.AIDS kann schneller besiegt werden. Gesundheitspolitik am Beispiel ein Infektionskrankheit. Hamburg: VSA-Verlag, 1987.Google Scholar
50.Rosenbrock, R.Some social and health policy requirements for the prevention of AIDS. Health Promotion, 1987, 2, 161–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Rosenbrock, R.HIV-Positivismus–Plädoyer für die Einhaltung der Kunstregeln. In Kursbuch 94: Seuchen. Berlin: Wagenbach-Verlag, 1988, 2142.Google Scholar
52.Rosenbrock, R. Auf der Ebene des möglichen medizinischen Nutzens zeichnen sich Entwicklungen ab, die die Entscheidung für oder gegen den Test komplexer machen. AIDS- Nachrichten aus Forschung und Wissenschaft, 1989, 915.Google Scholar
53.Rosendahl, C.Impfungen HIV-infizierter Erwachsener und HIV-exponierter Neugeborener. AIDS-Brief/Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin (ZFA), 1989, 2, 3136.Google Scholar
54.Runkel, G.AIDS als soziale Herausforderung. Mensch Medizin Gesellschaft (MMG), 1987, 12, 171–82.Google Scholar
55.Somaini, B.Statement before the Enquete-Kommission AIDS of the Deutscher Bundestag, 9. Sitzung, 15.10.1988, 60, mimeo protocol.Google Scholar
56.Swartz, M. S.AIDS testing and informed consent. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 1988, 13, 607–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57.van Griensven, G. J. P., et al. Seksuele Gedragverandering in een Groep op HIV-Antistoffen Getestete Homoseksuele Mannen. Tijdschrift voor Sociale Gesondheitszorg, 1987,65,345-50.Google Scholar
58.Weiss, R., & Thier, S. O.HIV-testing is the answer — What’s the question? New England Journal of Medicine, 1988, 319, 1010-12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59.Wilkie, P. A.Counselling in HIV-infection. Scottish Medical Journal, 1987, 32, 114-16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
60.Wilson, J. M. G.Some principles of early diagnosis and detection. In Teeling-smith, G. (ed.), Surveillance and early diagnosis in general practice. London: Office of Health Economics, 1966.Google Scholar
61.Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G.Principles and practice of screening of disease. Geneva: WHO, 1971.Google Scholar