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HYBRID NATIONALISMS: WAṬANĪ AND QAWMĪ VISIONS IN IRAQ UNDER ʿABD AL-KARIM QASIM, 1958–61

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2011

Orit Bashkin
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Abstract

This paper analyzes Iraqi national narratives in the years from 1958 to 1961 to consider how innovative definitions of Arab nationalisms were affected by worldwide processes of decolonization. It demonstrates how Pan-Arabism was transformed in Qasimite Iraq because of its hybridization with Iraqi patriotism and, concurrently, how various elements of Arabist discourses were integrated into local and patriotic perceptions of Iraqi nationalism. Examining cultural idioms shared by Iraqi intellectuals belonging to different political groups, especially the communists and the Baʿthists, destabilizes a typology that assumes each ideological camp subscribed to a rigidly defined set of well-known historical narratives. The Pan-Arabists in this period often cultivated the notion that Arab nationalism did not entail an ethnic origin but rather the ability to adopt the Arabic language, as well as Arab history and culture, as a marker of one's national and cultural identity. The attempts to adapt Pan-Arab discourses to the specificities of the Iraqi milieu and to build coalitions with as many of the nation's groups as possible meant that the sectarian, anti-Shiʿi, and anti-Kurdish notions that colored Baʿthist discourses in later years were not as prominent in this period.

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Articles
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International Journal of Middle East Studies , Volume 43 , Special Issue 2: Relocating Arab Nationalism , May 2011 , pp. 293 - 312
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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References

NOTES

Author's note: I thank Peter Wien, Israel Gershoni, and Sara Pursley for all of their help.

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13 The New Iraq 3 (January 1960): 46–47.

14 The New Iraq 5 (March 1960): 26.

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43 Jadua, A Leader, 18, 42–43.

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63 Al-Fajr al-Jadid, 27 July 1959, 1, 4.

64 Al-Fajr al-Jadid, 29 July 1959, 1.

65 Al-Huriyya, 12 August 1959, 1.

66 Al-Huriyya, 18 August 1959, 1.

67 Al-Adab, April 1962, 74.

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