Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 January 2009
The power of traditional popular Islam in the modern world is difficult to assess. At times, however, developments provide at least an indirect means of evaluation for specific Muslim populations. One such experience is provided by the relations of the British with the ‘Ulamâ’ in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan during the early years of the Condominium. These relations also provide a case study of British imperial attitudes toward Islam.
page 212 note 1 Reports on the Finance, Administration and Condition of the Sudan, 1905,Wingate, R., ‘Memorandum by the Governor-General’, p. 127.Google Scholar
page 212 note 2 Sudan Government Central Archives, (SGA) INTEL 2/32/260, CS/SCR/8, Harold, C. to Intelligence Officer Khartoum, 13 08 1901.Google Scholar
page 213 note 1 Ibid.
page 213 note 2 Richard, Hill, Slatin Pasha (London, Oxford University Press, 1965), pp. 86–7.Google Scholar
page 214 note 1 Anderson, J. N. D., Islamic Law in the Modern World (New York, New York University Press, 1959), p. 28.Google Scholar
page 214 note 2 See, for example, the comments of the first Grand Qâdî written in 1902 and quoted in Duncan, J. S. R., The Sudan, A Record of Achievement (Edinburgh, William Black-wood and Sons, 1952), p. 128.Google Scholar
page 214 note 3 Sudan Times, no. 177, 17 07 1905.Google Scholar
page 214 note 4 Reports… 1905, James, Currie, ‘Annual Report, Education Department, 1905’, p. 52.Google Scholar
page 214 note 5 Anderson, , p. 28.Google Scholar For a more detailed discussion of this subject, see Anderson, J. N. D., ‘Recent Developments in Sharî'a Law in the Sudan’, Sudan Notes and Records, col. xxxi, Part I (06 1950), pp. 82–104.Google Scholar
page 215 note 1 SGA, INTEL 2/32/260, CS/SCR/8, Harold, C. to Intelligence Officer, Khartoum, 13 08 1901.Google Scholar
page 215 note 2 Sudan Intelligence Report, no. 67, 1 01 to 3 03 1900, appendix C, ‘Proclamation by the Governor-General’, a 03 1900.Google Scholar
page 215 note 3 SGA, INTEL 2/32/260, CS/SCR/8, ‘Translation of Proclamation’ and ‘Approval of the Board of Ulemas’.
page 215 note 4 See, for example, the cases of ‘Sheikh Medawi Abd El Rahman’ in Sudan Intelligence Report, no. 85 (08, 1901);Google Scholar ‘Ali Abdel Kerim's sect’ revival in Sudan Monthly Intelligence Report, no. 327 (10 1921);Google Scholar the dispute between tarîqas in El-Obeid in SGA, INTEL 2/32/261, ADM. 143, Governor of Kordofan to A.D.I. (5 09 1915).Google Scholar
page 215 note 5 Sudan Monthly Intelligence Report, no. 344 (03 1923).Google Scholar
page 216 note 1 For a description of the activities of the village fakî see Spencer Trimingham, J., Islam in the Sudan (London, Frank Cass, 1965), pp. 140–1.Google Scholar
page 216 note 2 SGA, INTEL 2/32/261, A.D.I./448, Willis, C. A. to various department heads and provincial governors, 11 01 1916.Google Scholar
page 216 note 3 For an official description of the development of Sudan Government policy toward the ‘Ansâr, see Public Record Office (London), P.O. 371/11613/3349, Davies, R., ‘A Note on the Recent History of Mahdism’, Khartoum, 17 04 1926.Google Scholar
page 217 note 1 Palmer, H. R., Report on a Journey from Maidugari, Nigeria, to Jeddah in Arabia (Colonial Office, African (West), no. 1072, Confidential, 08 1919).Google Scholar
page 217 note 2 Richard, Hill, Egypt in the Sudan, 1820–1881 (London, Oxford University Press, 1959), pp. 125–7;Google ScholarHolt, P. M., The Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1881–1898 (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1958), pp. 20–1;Google ScholarHolt, P. M., Holy Families and Islam in the Sudan (Princeton, Program in Near Eastern Studies, 1967), pp. 8–9.Google Scholar