Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T22:27:35.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tunable energy harvesting on UHF bands especially for GSM frequencies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2017

Mehmet Bakır ,
Muharrem Karaaslan ,
Olcay Altıntaş ,
Mehmet Bagmancı ,
Volkan Akdogan  and
Feyzullah Temurtaş
Mehmet Bakır*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Computer Engineering, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
Muharrem Karaaslan
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay 31200, Turkey
Olcay Altıntaş
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay 31200, Turkey
Mehmet Bagmancı
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay 31200, Turkey
Volkan Akdogan
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
Feyzullah Temurtaş
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
*
Corresponding author: M. Bakır Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Metamaterial-based energy harvesting structures operating at GSM 900 and GSM 1800 frequency bands have been proposed. The basic structure is composed of four nested U-shaped elements on the front and back side of the dielectric substrate, with a 180° relationship between the front and back resonators. As energy harvesting capability is directly related to the quality of absorption, with the aim being perfect absorption, there is an air gap to allow tuning of the resonance frequency, and copper plate follows the air gap to facilitate the perfect absorption of electromagnetic waves, which is verified by means of simulation and experimental tests. A set of simulations and experimental study were further carried out to demonstrate incident and polarization angle dependency, the effects of Schottky diodes, and the optimal orientation of the U-shapes. Spectrum analysis and DC voltage measurements across the HSMS 2860 Schottky diode are also presented to test the energy harvesting capability: the spectrum analyzer shows a 40 dBm difference, while 81.7 mV maximum DC voltage is observed at 900 MHz. The simulation and experimental study results, while displaying several differences, do suggest that the proposed design can be used for running low-energy consumption devices such as sensors and switches.

Keywords

MetamaterialAbsorberMetamaterial energy harvestingGSM bands
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 10 , Special Issue 1: Journee Nationale des Micro-ondes 2017 , February 2018 , pp. 67 - 76
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1]Shelby, R.A.; Smith, D.R.; Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science, 292 (5514) (2001), 77–79.Google Scholar
[2]Yang, J.J.; Huangand, M.; Sun, J.: Double negative metamaterial sensor based on micro ring resonator. IEEE Sens., 11 (2011), 2254–2259.Google Scholar
[3]Drexler, C. et al. : Terahertz split-ring metamaterials as transducers for chemical sensors based on conducting polymers: a feasibility study with sensing of acidic and basic gases using polyaniline chemosensitive layer. Microchim. Acta, 181 (2014), 1857–1862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4]Schueler, M.; Mandel, C.; Puentesand, M.; Jakoby, R.: Metamaterial inspired microwave sensors. IEEE Microw. Mag., 13 (2012), 57–68.Google Scholar
[5]Melik, R. et al. : Nested metamaterials for wireless strain sensing. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 16 (2010), 450–458.Google Scholar
[6]Schurig, D. et al. : Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies. Science, 314 (5801) (2006), 977–980.Google Scholar
[7]Ni, X.; Wong, Z.J.; Mrejen, M.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.: An ultrathin invisibility skin cloak for visible light. Science, 349 (2015), 1310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[8]Dincer, F.; Akgol, O.; Karaaslan, M.; Unal, E.; Sabah, C.: Polarization angle independent perfect metamaterial absorbers for solar cell applications in the microwave, infrared, and visible regime. Prog. Electromagn. Res., 144 (2014), 93–101.Google Scholar
[9]Vora, A.; Gwamuri, J.; Pala, N.; Kulkarni, A.; Pearce, J.M.; Güney, D.Ö.: Exchanging ohmic losses in metamaterial absorbers with useful optical absorption for photovoltaics. Sci. Rep., 4 (2014), 4901.Google Scholar
[10]Shrekenhamer, D.; Chen, W.-C.; Padilla, W.J.: Liquid crystal tunable metamaterial absorber. Phys. Rev. Lett., 110 (2013), 177403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[11]Rizzoli, V.; Costanzo, A.; Masotti, D.; Donzelli, D.: Integration of numerical and field-theoretical techniques in the design of single- and multi-band rectennas for micro-power generation. Int. J. Microw. Wireless Tech., 2 (2010), 293–303.Google Scholar
[12]Almoneef, T.; Ramahi, O.M.: A 3-dimensional stacked metamaterial arrays for electromagnetic energy harvesting. Prog. Electromagn. Res., 146 (2014), 109–115.Google Scholar
[13]Almoneef, T.S.; Ramahi, O.M.: Metamaterial electromagnetic energy harvester with near unity efficiency. Appl. Phys. Lett., 106 (2015), 153902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14]Dincer, F.; Karaaslan, M.; Sabah, C.: Design and analysis of perfect metamaterial absorber in GHz and THz frequencies. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., 29 (18) (2015), 2492–2500.Google Scholar
[15]Karaaslan, M.; Ünal, E.; Tetik, E.; Delihacioğlu, K.; Karadağ, F.; Dincer, F.: Low profile antenna radiation enhancement with novel electromagnetic band gap structures. IET Microw. Antennas Propag., 7 (3) 2013, 0545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[16]Kim, J.H.; Cho, W.W.; Park, W.S.: A small dual-band inverted-F antenna with a twisted line. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 8 (2009), 307–310.Google Scholar
[17]Sabah, C.; Dincer, F.; Karaaslan, M.; Akgol, O.; Unal, E.: New-generation chiral metamaterials based on rectangular split ring resonators with small and constant chirality over a certain frequency band. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 62 (2014), 5745–5751.Google Scholar
[18]Chen, H.T.: Interference theory of metamaterial perfect absorbers. Opt. Express, 20 (2012), 7165–7172.Google Scholar
[19]Sabah, C.; Thomson, M.D.; Meng, F.; Tzanova, S.; Roskos, H.G.: Terahertz propagation properties of free-standing woven-steel-mesh metamaterials: pass-bands and signatures of abnormal group velocities. J. Appl. Phys., 110 (2010), 064902–064902.Google Scholar
[20]Dincer, F.; Karaaslan, F.; Unal, E.; Akgol, O.; Sabah, C.: Chiral metamaterial structures with strong optical activity and their applications. Opt. Eng., 53 (2014), 107101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[21]Scarborough, C.P.; Jiang, Z.H.; Werner, D.H.; Rivero-Baleine, C.; Drake, C.: Experimental demonstration of an isotropic metamaterial super lens with negative unity permeability at 8.5 MHz. Appl. Phys. Lett., 101 (2012), 014101–014104.Google Scholar
[22]Shrekenhamer, D.; Chen, W.C.; Padilla, W.J.: Liquid crystal tunable metamaterial absorber. Phys. Rev. Lett., 110 (2013), 77403.Google Scholar
[23]Watts, C.M.; Liu, X.; Padilla, W.J.: Metamaterial electromagnetic wave absorbers. Adv. Mater., 24 (2012), OP98–OP120.Google Scholar
[24]Kollatou, T.M.; Dimitriadis, A.I.; Assimonis, S.D.; Kantartzis, N.V.; Antonopoulos, C.S.: A family of ultra-thin, polarization-insensitive, multi-band, highly absorbing metamaterial structures. PIER, 136 (2013), 579–594.Google Scholar
[25]Álvarez, H.F.; Gómez, M.E.; Las-Heras, F.: A thin C-band polarization and incidence angle-insensitive metamaterial perfect absorber. Materials, 8 (4) (2015), 1666–1681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[26]Dini, M. et al. : A Fully-Autonomous Integrated RF Energy Harvesting System for Wearable Applications, in Eur. Microwave Conf., Nuremberg, Germany, 2013, 987–990.Google Scholar
[27]Pinuela, M.; Mitcheson, P.D.; Lucyszyn, S.: Ambient RF energy harvesting in urban and semi-urban environments. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 61 (7) (2013), 2715–2726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[28]Pranav, U.S.; Sudheesh, S.; Stanly, P.; Sankar, S.; Devika, R.; Pradeep, A.: Metamaterial based energy harvester. Procedia Comput. Sci., 93 (2016), 74–80.Google Scholar
[29]Mrnka, M.; Vasina, P.; Kufa, M.; Hebelka, V.; Raida, Z.: The RF energy harvesting antennas operating in commercially deployed frequency bands: a comparative study. Int. J. Antennas Propag., 2016 (2016), 1–11.Google Scholar
[30]Devi, K.A.; Ng, C.H.; Kwong, C.F.; Chakrabarty, C.K.; Norashidah, M.: Investigations on characteristics of metamaterial based patch antenna for RF energy harvesting at GSM 900. Electr. Electron. Eng., 5 (2015), 7–13.Google Scholar
[31]Vullers, R.J.M.; Schaijk, R. v.; Visser, H.J.; Penders, J.; Hoof, C.V.: Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Networks, in IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine, vol. 2, no. 2, Spring 2010, 29–38.Google Scholar