Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T20:59:54.095Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rain fade slope model for terrestrial microwave links

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2020

Jalel Chebil Open the ORCID record for Jalel Chebil [Opens in a new window] ,
Md. Rafiqul Islam ,
Al-Hareth Zyoud ,
Mohamed Hadi Habaebi  and
Hassan Dao
Jalel Chebil*
Affiliation:
ISTLS, NOCCS Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
Md. Rafiqul Islam
Affiliation:
ECE Department, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Al-Hareth Zyoud
Affiliation:
ECE Department, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Mohamed Hadi Habaebi
Affiliation:
ECE Department, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Hassan Dao
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, ECE Department, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat, Thailand
*
Author for correspondence: Jalel Chebil, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The dynamic characteristic of rain fade slope is one important factor in determining the availability of a communication system, and it is very useful in the design of fade countermeasures. In the literature, many models were proposed for rain fade slope for earth-to-satellite links. However, there are no models available for rain fade point to point terrestrial microwave links. This paper proposes a new model for the estimation of rain fade slope statistics for terrestrial microwave links in tropical regions. First, the ITU-R model for rain fade slope for earth-to-satellite link was compared with the corresponding statistics obtained from rain attenuation data measured from three terrestrial links in Malaysia. It is found that the expression of its distribution and its standard deviation should be modified. This leads to the derivation of the proposed rain fade slope model based on the statistics of one link. Then, it is tested using the remaining data and its results were very close to the measured statistics for all attenuation levels higher than 1 dB. Moreover, the model was validated using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

Keywords

Rain attenuationrain faderain fade dynamicsrain fade slope
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 12 , Issue 5 , June 2020 , pp. 372 - 379
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ITU-R recommendation P (2005) 1623-1: Prediction Method of Fade Dynamics on Earth Space Paths. Geneva, Switzerland: ITU Publications.Google Scholar
Mandeep, JS and Allnutt, JE (2007) Rain attenuation predictions at Ku-band in South East Asia countries. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 76, 65–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Islam, MR, Budalal, AAH, Habaebi, MH, Badron, K and Ismail, AF (2017) Performance analysis of rain attenuation on earth-to-satellite microwave links design in Libya. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mechatronics—ICOM’17, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 9–8 August 2017, pp. 342–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahuna, M, Afullo, T and Alonge, A (2019) Rain attenuation prediction using artificial neural network for dynamic rain fade mitigation. Transactions of the South African Institute of Electrical Engineers 110, 11–18.Google Scholar
Mandeep, JS (2007) Equatorial rainfall measurement on Ku-band satellite communication downlink. Progress in Electromagnetics Research 76, 195–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, D and Maitra, A (2016) Fade-slope model for rain attenuation prediction in tropical region. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 13, 777–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franklin, FF, Fujisaki, K and Tateiba, M (2006) Fade dynamics on Earth-space paths at Ku-band in Fukuoka, Japan fade-slope evaluation, comparison, and model. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 5, 80–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Islam, MR, Doa, H and Zyoud, A (2009) Rain fade slope analysis for terrestrial microwave link in Malaysia. Presented in the IEEE 9th Malaysia International Conference on Communications, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 15–17 December 2009, pp. 250–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zyoud, A, Dao, H, Islam, MR, Chebil, J, Al-Khateeb, K and Abd Rahman, T (2010) Fade dynamics analysis for terrestrial microwave links. IEEE 3rd International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE 2010), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 11–13 May 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dao, H, Islam, M and Al-Khateeb, K (2013) Rain fade slope model in satellite path based on data measured in heavy rain zone. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12, 50–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dintelmann, F (1981) Analysis of 11 GHz slant path fade duration and fade slope. Electronics Letters 17, 267–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matricciani, E (1981) Rate of change of signal attenuation from SIRIO at 11.6 GHz. Electronics Letters 17, 139–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweeney, DG and Bostian, CW (1992) The dynamics of rain-induced fades. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 40, 275–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, B and Stutzman, WL (1996) Fade slope on 10 to 30 GHz Earth-space communication links—measurements and modelling. IEE Proceedings – Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 143, 353–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rücker, F (1993) Frequency and attenuation dependent fade slope statistics. Electronics Letters 29, 744–746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Miranda, EC, Pontes, MS and Da Silva Mello, LAR (1999) Fade slope statistics for three 12-GHz satellite beacon links in Brazil. IEEE Communications Letters 3, 142–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van de Kamp, MMJL (1999) Climatic Radiowave Propagation Models for the design of Satellite Communication Systems (Ph.D. thesis). Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, ISBN 90-386-1700-3, Section 4.Google Scholar
Van de Kamp, MMJL (2003) Statistical analysis of rain fade slope. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 51, 1750–1759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kastamonitis, K, Gremont, B and Filip, M (2003) Empirical study of rain fade slope conditional statistics on satellite links. International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP 2003), Exeter, UK, March 31–April 3, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, AP, Callaghan, SA and Otung, E (2006) Analysis of rain fade slope for Ka and V-band satellite links in southern England. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, 1380–1387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia-del-Pino, P, Riera, JM and Benarroch, A (2010) Fade slope statistics on a slant path at 50 GHz. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9, 1026–1028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salonen, TE and Heikkinen, P (2003) Fade slope analysis for low elevation angle satellite links. Proceeding of PM5-203, Meeting and Joint Workshop with COST272, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Singliar, R, Heder, B and Bito, J (2005) Rain fade slope analysis. Broadwan Published Report, Paper W03A.01.Google Scholar
Héder, B, Singliar, R, Katona, Z and Bitó, J (2005) Second-order statistics of rain attenuation in Hungary especially the fade slope statistics. The Third International Workshop of COST Action 280, Prague, Czech Republic, doc. PM9-113, pp. 1–7.Google Scholar
Matricciani, E and Riva, C (2008) 18.7 GHz Tropospheric scintillation and simultaneous rain attenuation measured at Spino d'Adda and Darmstadt with Italsat. Radio Science 43, RS1013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, PD, Upton, GJG and Eden, D (2001) Revised method for calculation of rain-fade slope. Electronics Letters 37, 658–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, G, Ong, JT, Choo, E and Law, CL (2002) Fade slope for four LOS links in Singapore: analyses and prediction. Electronics Letters 38, 425–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van de Kamp, MMJL and Castanet, L (2002) Fade dynamics review. The First International Workshop of COST Action 280, Malvern, UK, doc. PM3-018, pp. 1–20.Google Scholar
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2008) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standard.Google Scholar
Islam, MR (2000) Rain Attenuation Prediction for Terrestrial Microwave Link Based on Rain Rate and Rain attenuation Measurements in Tropical Regions (Ph.D. thesis). Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology Malaysia.Google Scholar
Islam, MR, Chebil, J, Khalifa, OO, Khan, S, Dao, H and Zyoud, A (2010) Effect of frequency on fade slope based on rain attenuation data measured in Malaysia. IEEE 3rd International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE 2010), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 11–13 May, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeCoursey, WJ (2003) Statistics and Probability for Engineering Applications. Boston, USA: Elsevier Science.Google Scholar
De Miranda, EC, Quesnel, MC and Da Silva Mello, LAR (2009) Empirical model for the statistical characterization of rain fade slope in tropical climates. Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications 8, 143S–153S.Google Scholar