Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-cnmwb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T06:56:03.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Integration of non-linear, radiation, and propagation CAD techniques for MIMO link design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2011

Vittorio Rizzoli ,
Alessandra Costanzo ,
Diego Masotti ,
Martino Aldrigo ,
Francesco Donzelli  and
Vittorio Degli Esposti
Vittorio Rizzoli
Affiliation:
DEIS, University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna.
Alessandra Costanzo*
Affiliation:
DEIS – II School of Engineering, Cesena Campus, University of Bologna.
Diego Masotti
Affiliation:
DEIS, University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna.
Martino Aldrigo
Affiliation:
DEIS, University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna.
Francesco Donzelli
Affiliation:
DEIS, University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna.
Vittorio Degli Esposti
Affiliation:
DEIS – II School of Engineering, Cesena Campus, University of Bologna.
*
Corresponding author: A. Costanzo Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The paper outlines an exhaustive computer-aided design (CAD) procedure for the circuit-level simulation of entire multi-input multi-output (MIMO) links. The multiple transmitting and receiving antennas are treated as multiport radiating systems characterized by electromagnetic (EM) analysis. The effects of mutual couplings in terms of the frequency-dependent near-field and far-field performance of each element are accounted for in a straightforward and rigorous way. The set of transmitters is treated as a unique non-linear system loaded by the multiport antenna, and is analyzed by non-linear circuit techniques. The same is done for the set of receivers. In order to establish the connection between transmitters and receivers, the radiated far-field is evaluated by EM analysis, and the field incident on each receiver antenna is computed by extending to the MIMO case an available ray tracing technique. EM theory is then used to describe the receiving array as a linear active multiport network. This technique allows analysis of several MIMO systems, exploiting different array element spatial locations and frequencies of operation in a straightforward and automatic way. Bit error rate (BER) computation and minimization are demonstrated at the circuit level.

Keywords

MIMOEM analysisnon-linear CADchannel modelingBER
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 4 , Special Issue 2: Special issue on Surveillance Systems for Air Navigation Services , April 2012 , pp. 223 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1]Waldschmidt, C.; Schultieis, S.; Wiesbeck, W.: Complete RF system model for analysis of compact MIMO arrays. IEEE Trans. Vehicular Tech., 53 (3) (2004), 579–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[2]Rosengreen, K.; Kildal, P.S.: Radiation efficiency, correlation, diversity gain and capacity of a six-monopole antenna array for a MIMO system: theory, simulation and measurement in reverberation chamber. Proc. IEE, Microw. Antennas Propag., 152 (1) (2005), 7–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3]Kanj, H.; Ali, S.; Lusina, P.; Kohandani, F.: A modeling approach for simulating MIMO systems with near-field effects, in Proc. European Conf. Wireless Technology, October 2008, 143–146.Google Scholar
[4]Wallace, J.W.; Jensen, M.A.: Mutual coupling in MIMO wireless systems: a rigorous network theory analysis. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 3 (4) (2004), 1317–1326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5]Konanur, H.A.; Gosalia, K.; Krishnamurthy, S.; Hughes, B.; Lazzi, G.: Increasing wireless channel capacity through MIMO systems employing co-located antenna. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 53 (6) (2005), 1837–1844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[6]Rizzoli, V. et al. : A CAD procedure for MIMO link estimation by the combination of nonlinear, electromagnetic and propagation analysis techniques, in 2008 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., June 2008, 927–930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[7]Rizzoli, V.; Neri, A.; Mastri, F.; Lipparini, A.: A Krylov-subspace technique for the simulation of RF/microwave subsystems driven by digitally modulated carriers. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput.-Aided Eng., 9 (1999), 490–505.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[8]Rizzoli, V.; Costanzo, A.; Monti, G.: General electromagnetic compatibility analysis for nonlinear microwave integrated circuits, in 2004 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Digest, June 2004, 953–956.Google Scholar
[9]Cadence Design Systems (www.cadence.com).Google Scholar
[10]CST Microwave Studio (www.cst.com/Content/Products/MWS/Overview.aspx).Google Scholar
[11]Rizzoli, V.; Costanzo, A.; Masotti, D.; Spadoni, P.: Prediction of the end-to-end performance of a microwave/RF link by means of nonlinear/electromagnetic co-simulation. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 54 (2006), 4149–4160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[12]Paulraj, A.J.; Gore, D.A.; Nabar, R.U.; Bölcskei, H.: An overview of MIMO communications – a key to gigabit wireless. Proc. IEEE, 92 (2) (2004), 198–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13]Degli-Esposti, V. et al. : An advanced field prediction model including diffuse scattering. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 52 (2004), 1717–1728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14]Degli-Esposti, V.: A diffuse scattering model for urban propagation prediction. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 49 (7) (2001), 1111–1113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[15]Balanis, C.A.: Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, Wiley, New York, 1989.Google Scholar
[16]Kalliola, K.; Laitinen, H.; Vainikainen, P.; Toeltsch, M.; Laurila, J.; Bonek, E.: 3-D double-directional radio channel characterization for urban macrocellular applications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 51 (11) (2003), 3122–3133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[17]Fuschini, F.; El-Sallabi, H.; Degli-Esposti, V.; Vuokko, L.; Guiducci, D.; Vainikainen, P.: Analysis of multipath propagation in urban environment through multidimensional measurements and advanced ray tracing simulation. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 56 (3) (2008), 848–857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18]Vitucci, E.M.; Degli Esposti, V.; Fuschini, F.: MIMO channel characterization through ray tracing simulation, in European Conf. Antennas and Propagation EUCAP 2006, Nice (Fr), November 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[19]Rizzoli, V.; Costanzo, A.; Masotti, D.; Spadoni, P.: Computer–aided design of ultra-wideband active antenna by means of a new figure of merit. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Comp. Lett., 8 (2008), 290–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20]Rizzoli, V.; Mastri, F.; Masotti, D.: General noise analysis of nonlinear microwave circuits by the piecewise harmonic-balance technique. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 42 (1994), 807–819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[21]AWR-VSS Design Environment (web.awrcorp.com/Usa/products/Visual-System-Simulator).Google Scholar
[22]Rizzoli, V.; Costanzo, A.; Masotti, D.; Mastri, F.: Computer-aided noise analysis of near-carrier noise in RF-microwave frequency converters. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput.-Aided Eng., 9 (1999), 449–467.3.0.CO;2-S>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[23]Rizzoli, V.; Costanzo, A.; Mastri, F.; Neri, A.: A general SPICE model for arbitrary linear dispersive multiport components described by frequency-domain data. 2003 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., 1 (2003), 9–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar