Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T23:24:57.729Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Graphene-based microwave coaxial antenna for microwave ablation: thermal analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2020

Burak Uzman ,
Adem Yilmaz Open the ORCID record for Adem Yilmaz [Opens in a new window] ,
Hulusi Acikgoz Open the ORCID record for Hulusi Acikgoz [Opens in a new window]  and
Raj Mittra
Burak Uzman
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
Adem Yilmaz
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
Hulusi Acikgoz*
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
Raj Mittra
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
*
Author for correspondence: Hulusi Acikgoz, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this study, the problem of backward heating in microwave ablation technique is examined and an electromagnetic solution based on the use of high impedance graphene material is presented for its mitigation. In this context, a one-atom-thick graphene layer is added on the coaxial double slot antenna. In addition to the electromagnetic behavior, thermal effects caused by the graphene-covered antenna are emphasized. The graphene's conductivity being highly dependent on its chemical potential and the relaxation time, a parametric study is performed to determine a range of tolerances within which the graphene-coated antenna outperform a typical graphene-free antenna. The range of values is found to be 0 < μc < 0.5 eV and τ < 0.4 ps, for the chemical potential and the relaxation time, respectively. The backward heating problem being prevented, the ablation region is ensured to be spherical around the tip of the antenna. Effects of the graphene layer to the heat dissipation in the tissue, the necrotic tissue ratio (damage to the cancerous tissue of the caused by electromagnetic energy), and the treatment time using the coaxial double slot antenna were examined. The results show that the heat dissipation is concentrated around the slots (region of cancerous tissue) and a higher necrotic tissue ratio can be achieved with a graphene-covered double slot antenna in a shorter time.

Keywords

Microwave cancer ablationcoaxial antennabackward heatingsurface current suppressiongraphene
Type
Antenna Design, Modelling and Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 13 , Issue 5 , June 2021 , pp. 497 - 505
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Yang, D (2006) Measurements, Antenna Design And Advanced Computer Modelling For Microwave Tissue Ablation (dissertation). University of Wisconsin–Madison.Google Scholar
Rubio, MF, Hernandez, AV, Salas, LL, Navarro, EA and Navarro, EA (2011) Coaxial slot antenna design for microwave hyperthermia using finite- difference time-domain and finite element method. Open Nanomedicine Journal 3, 2–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acikgoz, H and Mittra, R (2016) Suppression of surface currents at microwave frequency using graphene- application to microwave cancer treatment. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal 31, 669–677.Google Scholar
Brace, CL (2009) Radiofrequency and microwave ablation of the liver, lung, kidney, and bone: what are the differences? Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 38, 135–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prakash, P (2010) Theoretical modeling for hepatic microwave ablation. The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 4, 27–38.Google ScholarPubMed
Labonte, S, Blais, A, Legault, SR, Ali, HO and Roy, L (1996) Monopole antennas for microwave catheter ablation. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 44, 1832–1840.Google Scholar
Hurter, W, Reinbold, F and Lorenz, WJ (1991) A dipole antenna for interstitial microwave hyperthermia. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 39, 1048–1054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keangin, P, Rattanadecho, P and Wessapan, T (2011) An analysis of heat transfer in liver tissue during microwave ablation using single and double slot antenna. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 38, 757–766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wongtrairat, W, Phasukkit, P, Tungjitkusolmun, S and Nantivatana, P (2011) The effect of slot sizes on non-asymmetry slot antenna for microwave coagulation therapy. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics 1, 192–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brace, CL, Van Der Weide, DW, Lee, FT and Laeseke, PF (2004) Analysis and experimental validation of a triaxial antenna for microwave tumor ablation. Paper presented at: 2004 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest; June 6–11; Fort Worth, TX, USA.Google Scholar
Bertram, JM, Yang, D, Converse, MC, Webster, JG and Mahvi, DM (2006) A review of coaxial-based interstitial antennas for hepatic microwave ablation. Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering 34, 187–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acikgoz, H and Turer, I (2014) A novel microwave coaxial slot antenna for liver tumor ablation. Advanced Electromagnetics 3, 1–20.Google Scholar
Longo, I, Gentili, GB, Cerretelli, M and Tosoratti, N (2003) A coaxial antenna with miniaturized choke for minimally invasive interstitial heating. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 50, 82–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lara, JE, Vera, A, Leija, L and Gutierrez, MI (2015) Modeling of electromagnetic and temperature distributions of an intersticial coaxial-based choked antenna for hepatic tumor microwave ablation. Paper presented at: 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE); October 28–30; Mexico City, Mexico.Google Scholar
Lin, JC and Wang, YJ (1996) The cap-choke catheter antenna for microwave ablation treatment. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 43, 657–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acikgoz, H and Mittra, R (2015) Microwave coaxial antenna for cancer treatment: Reducing the backward heating using a double choke. Paper presented at: 2015 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2015; November 9–12; Hobart, TAS, Australia.Google Scholar
Prakash, P, Converse, MC, Webster, JG and Mahvi, DM (2009) An optimal sliding choke antenna for hepatic microwave ablation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 56, 2470–2476.Google ScholarPubMed
Prakash, P, Deng, G, Converse, MC, Webster, JG, Mahvi, DM and Ferris, MC (2008) Design optimization of a robust sleeve antenna for hepatic microwave ablation. Physics in Medicine and Biology 53, 1057–1069.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, D, Bertram, JM, Converse, MC, O'Rourke, AP, Webster, JG, Hagness, SC, Will, JA and Mahvi, DM (2006) A floating sleeve antenna yields localized hepatic microwave ablation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 53, 533–537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, Y, Li, D, Wang, X, Nie, Y and Gong, R (2018) Influence of the electromagnetic parameters on the surface wave attenuation in thin absorbing layers. AIP Advances 8, 056616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, HY, Deng, LJ, Zhou, PH, Xie, JL and Zhu, ZW (2011) Improvement of surface electromagnetic waves attenuation with resistive loading. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters 26, 143–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novoselov, KS, Geim, AK, Morozov, SV, Jiang, D, Zhang, Y, Dubonos, SV, Grigorieva, IV and Firsov, AA (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306, 666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Somani, PR, Somani, SP and Umeno, M (2006) Planer nanographenes from camphor by CVD. Chemical Physics Letters 430, 56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cano-Márquez, AG, Rodríguez-Macías, FJ, Campos-Delgado, J, Espinosa-González, CG, Tristán-López, F, Ramíre-González, D, Cullen, DA, Smith, DJ, Terrones, M and Vega-Cantú, YI (2009) Ex-MWNTs: graphene sheets and ribbons produced by lithium intercalation and exfoliation of carbon nanotubes. Nano Letters 9, 1527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vázquez de parga, AL, Calleja, F, Borca, B, Passeggi, Jr MCG, Hinarejos, JJ, Guinea, F and Miranda, R (2008) Periodically rippled graphene: growth and spatially resolved electronic structure. Physical Review Letters 100, 056807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Syarifah Norfaezah, S, Shafiq Hafly, S, Siti Fazlina, F, Meghashama Lim, CK and Noraini, O (2017) Graphene transfer process and optimization of graphene coverage. EPJ Web of Conferences 162, 01049.Google Scholar
Datta, AJ, Gupta, B, Shafiei, M, Taylor, R and Motta, N (2016) Growth of graphene on cylindrical copper conductors as an anticorrosion coating: a microscopic study. Nanotechnology 27, 285704.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Llatser, I, Kremers, C, Chigrin, D, Jornet, JM, Lemme, MC, Cabellos-Aparicio, A and Alarc Supón, E (2012) Radiation characteristics of tunable graphennas in the terahertz band. Radioeng J 21, 946–953.Google Scholar
Pinto, H and Markevich, A (2014) Electronic and electrochemical doping of graphene by surface adsorbates. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5, 1842–1848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abadal, S, Hosseininejad, SE, Lemme, MC, Bolívar, PH, Solé-Pareta, J, Alarcón, E and Cabellos-Aparicio, A (2020) Nanoscale Networking and Communications Handbook, Chapter 2. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Bertram, JM, Yang, D, Converse, MC, Webster, JG and Mahvi, DM (2006b) Antenna design for microwave hepatic ablation using an axisymmetric electromagnetic model. BioMedical Engineering Online 5, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, D, Converse, MC, Mahvi, DM and Webster, JG (2007) Expanding the bioheat equation to include tissue internal water evaporation during heating. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 54, 1382–1388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobsen, S and Stauffer, PR (2007) Can we settle with single-band radiometric temperature monitoring during hyperthermia treatment of chestwall recurrence of breast cancer using a dual-mode transceiving applicator? Physics in Medicine and Biology 52, 911–928.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orofeo, CM, Ago, H, Hu, B and Tsuji, M (2011) Synthesis of large area, homogeneous, single layer graphene films by annealing amorphous carbon on Co and Ni. Nano Research 4, 531–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiao, T, Wang, H, Zhang, Y, Yu, X, Xue, H, Lv, H, Jing, X, Zhan, H and Wang, J (2012) A coaxial-slot antenna for invasive microwave hyperthermia therapy. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 5, 198–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, WC and Diederich, CJ (2009) Hyperthermia classic commentary: “Arrhenius relationships from the molecule and cell to the clinic”. International Journal of Hyperthermia 25, 21–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, IA (2010) Considerations for thermal injury analysis for RF ablation devices. The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 4, 3–12.Google ScholarPubMed
Borrelli, MJ, Thompson, LL, Cain, CA and Dewey, WC (1990) Time-temperature analysis of cell killing of BHK cells heated at temperatures in the range of 43.5°C to 57.0°C. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 19, 389–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, IA and Nguyen, UD (2004) Thermal modeling of lesion growth with radiofrequency ablation devices. BioMedical Engineering Online 3, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed