Hostname: page-component-5f745c7db-szhh2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-06T23:51:54.629Z Has data issue: true hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Parallelae Vitae: Antiquities Smuggling and Hidden Incomes in Greece

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2020

Konstantinos-Orfeas Sotiriou
Konstantinos-Orfeas Sotiriou*
Affiliation:
Former Police Sergeant, Cultural Heritage and Antiquities Department; National School of Public Administration and Local Government, Athens, Greece; Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Nowadays, the antiquities-smuggling phenomenon seems more complicated than many researchers thought before. Antiquity looting is delinquent behaviour and a criminal activity. Hence, it is closely connected to many of the other problems that Greece is currently facing. This article tries to set the smuggling problem in a wider frame. More specifically, many researchers have pointed to the long-term inability of Greece’s tax services to detect income hiding. This has led to increased tax evasion and a shadow economic phenomenon. Moreover, researchers and institutions have made the conclusion that self-employed persons / freelancers in Greece have an increased capability for income hiding, irrespective of the origin of the money. A thorough examination of the occupations of 497 arrested people in Greece revealed that, indeed, the majority of them fall in the self-employed/freelance category. The results of this article are based on the 291 official arrests that took place from 1999 to 2015.

Type
Article
Information
International Journal of Cultural Property , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , August 2020 , pp. 417 - 436
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Δάϊκου, Α. 2008. Νομοθετικοί Ορισμοί Εννοιών και όρων Σχετικά με την Υγιεινή Ασφάλειας Εργασίας, Ελληνικό Ινστιτούτο Υγιεινής και Ασφάλειας της Εργασίας, Αθήνα.Google Scholar
Ernst and Young. 2016. Η Φοροδιαφυγή στην Ελλάδα. Αιτίες, Έκταση και Προτάσεις Καταπολέμησης της. Αθήνα.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2013. Greece Selected Issues. IMF Country Report no 13/155. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Leventi, Ch., Matsaganis, M., and Flevotomou, M.. 2013. “Distributional Implications of Tax Evasion and the Crisis in Greece.” Euromod Working Paper no. EM 17/13.Google Scholar
Litina, A., and Palivos, T.. 2015. “Corruption and Tax Evasion: Reflections on Greek Tragedy.” Bank of Greece Working Paper no. 193.Google Scholar
Matsaganis, M., and Flevotomou, M.. 2010. “Distributional Implications of Tax Evasion in Greece, Hellenic Observatory.” Papers on Greece and Southeast Europe, GreeSE Paper no. 31.Google Scholar
Mylonas, P., Magginas, N., and Pateli, E.. 2010. What Are the Margins for Increasing PIT Revenue in the Greek Economy? National Bank of Greece, Greece: Monthly Macroeconomic Outlook, Strategy and Economic Research Division. Athens: National Bank of Greece Publications.Google Scholar
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Transnational Threats Department, and Border Security Management Unit. Forthcoming. Manual for the Protection of Cultural Heritage. Vienna: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.Google Scholar
Sotiriou, K.-O. Forthcoming. “Fluid as Water: The Various Participants in the Antiquities Smuggling Phenomenon in Greece: A Real Threat.” Paper presented to the 11th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East.Google Scholar
Schneider, F. 2015. “Size and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 Other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2015: Different Developments.” Mimeo from the Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University.Google Scholar
Tesat. 2018. European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report. The Hague: Tesat.Google Scholar