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Rotating wall vessel exposure alters protein secretion and global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

Helena Rosado ,
Alex J. O'Neill ,
Katy L. Blake ,
Meik Walther ,
Paul F. Long ,
Jason Hinds  and
Peter W. Taylor
Helena Rosado
Affiliation:
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AC, UK
Alex J. O'Neill
Affiliation:
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Katy L. Blake
Affiliation:
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Meik Walther
Affiliation:
Abteilung Genetik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, Paul-Ehrlich-Straβe 24, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
Paul F. Long
Affiliation:
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
Jason Hinds
Affiliation:
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting London SW17 0RE, UK
Peter W. Taylor*
Affiliation:
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AC, UK
*
e-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is routinely recovered from air and surface samples taken aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and poses a health threat to crew. As bacteria respond to the low shear forces engendered by continuous rotation conditions in a Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) and the reduced gravitational field of near-Earth flight by altering gene expression, we examined the effect of low-shear RWV growth on protein secretion and gene expression by three S. aureus isolates. When cultured under 1 g, the total amount of protein secreted by these strains varied up to fourfold; under continuous rotation conditions, protein secretion by all three strains was significantly reduced. Concentrations of individual proteins were differentially reduced and no evidence was found for increased lysis. These data suggest that growth under continuous rotation conditions reduces synthesis or secretion of proteins. A limited number of changes in gene expression under continuous rotation conditions were noted: in all isolates vraX, a gene encoding a polypeptide associated with cell wall stress, was down-regulated. A vraX deletion mutant of S. aureus SH1000 was constructed: no differences were found between SH1000 and ΔvraX with respect to colony phenotype, viability, protein export, antibiotic susceptibility, vancomycin kill kinetics, susceptibility to cold or heat and gene modulation. An ab initio protein–ligand docking simulation suggests a major binding site for β-lactam drugs such as imipenem. If such changes to the bacterial phenotype occur during spaceflight, they will compromise the capacity of staphylococci to cause systemic infection and to circumvent antibacterial chemotherapy.

Keywords

bacterial microarraycontinuous rotation conditionsexoproteomeStaphylococcus aureusvraX
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Astrobiology , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , April 2012 , pp. 71 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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