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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 April 2016
The mapping of stellar surfaces using the observed profiles of spectral lines is described. The problem is expressed in terms of an integral equation to be solved, using Tikhonov’s method. The local line profiles may be given either by an analytic approximation or by the solution of the equation of transfer with a model atmosphere. The model atmospheres commonly used may not correctly represent the stellar atmosphere which may lead to errors in the derived surface maps. Tests of mapping programs and applications to real stars show the capabilities and limitations of surface mapping. Mapping stellar magnetic fields places more severe demands on the data and computational programs than mapping the abundance distributions.