Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T01:37:56.619Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Ray Observations of B-Emission Stars (Review Paper)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2016

E.P.J. van den Heuvel  and
S. Rappaport
E.P.J. van den Heuvel
Affiliation:
Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
S. Rappaport
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Most evidence on X-ray emission from the vicinity of Be stars concerns the Be/X-ray binaries. Presently some 20 of these systems are known, making them the most numerous class of massive X-ray binaries. Evidence for the binary nature of these systems comes from (i) Doppler modulation of X-ray pulse periods, (ii) periodic X-ray flaring behavior, and (iii) correlated optical and X-ray variability. The correlation between X-ray pulse period and orbital period found by Corbet (1984) can potentially provide important information on the densities and velocities in the circumstellar disks of Be stars.

Evolutionary models indicate that the Be/X-ray binaries represent a later stage in the evolution of normal close binaries with initial primary masses predominantly in the the range 8 to 15 M⊙ . These models indicate that also a class of slightly less massive Be star binaries should exist in which the compact companions are white dwarfs. Be-type blue stragglers in galactic clusters may be such systems.

Type
III. The Circumstellar Gas
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 92: Physics of Be Stars , August 1987 , pp. 291 - 308
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

References

Apparao, K.M.V. (1985). Astrophys. J. 292, 257.Google Scholar
Apparao, K.M.V. & Tarafdar, S.P. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. 161, 271.Google Scholar
Argyle, R.W. (1983). IAU Circ. No. 3897.Google Scholar
Bernacca, P.L., Iijima, T. and Stagni, R. (1983). IAU Circ. No. 3897.Google Scholar
Bodenheimer, P. & Taam, R.E. (1984). Astrophys. J. 280, 771.Google Scholar
Bradt, H.V.D. & McClintock, J.E. (1983) Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 21, 13.Google Scholar
Brown, J.C. & Boyle, C.B. (1984). Astron. Astrophys. 141, 369.Google Scholar
Cassinelli, J. 1986. (private communication).Google Scholar
Charles, P.A., Booth, L., Densham, R.H., Bath, G.T., Thorstensen, J.R., Howarth, I.D., Willis, A.J., Skinner, G.K. and Olszewski, E. (1983). Mon.Not. Roy.Astron. Soc. 202, 657.Google Scholar
Corbet, R.H.D. (1984). Astron. Astrophys. 141, 91.Google Scholar
Corbet, R.H.D. (1986). in: “The Evolution of Galactic X-ray Binaries“ (eds. Truemper, J. et al.), Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 63.Google Scholar
Corbet, R.H.D., Charles, P.A. and Van der Klis, M. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. 162, 117.Google Scholar
Dal Flume, D., Frontera, F., Manzo, G., Ro, S., Robba, R. (1985). IAU Circ. No. 4131.Google Scholar
De Greve, J.P. & De Loore, C. (1977). Astrophys. Space Sci.. 50, 75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Loore, C., Burger, M., Van Dessel, E.L. and Mouchet, M. (1982). IAU Symp. No. 98 “Be Stars” (Jaschek, M. and Groth, H.G., eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht 347.Google Scholar
Dewey, R.J. & Cordes, J.M. (1986). Astrophys. J. (in the press).Google Scholar
Delgado, A.J. & Thomas, H.-C. (1981). Astron. Astrophys. 96, 142.Google Scholar
Garcia, M., Baliunas, S.L., Doxsey, R., Elvis, M., Fabbiano, G., Koeningsberger, G., Patterson, J., Schwartz, D., Swank, J. and Watson, M.G. (1983). Astrophys. J. 267, 291.Google Scholar
Habets, G.M.H.J. (1985). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Habets, G.M.H.J. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. 165, 95.Google Scholar
Habets, G.M.H.J. (1987). Astron. Astrophys. (in the press).Google Scholar
Harnden, F.R., Branduardi, G., Elvis, M., Gorenstein, P., Grindlay, J., Pye, R., Rosner, R., Topka, K. and Vaiana, G.S. (1979). Astrophys. J. Letters 234, L51.Google Scholar
Henrichs, H.F. (1983). in: “Accretion-driven Stellar X-ray Sources“ (Lewin, W.H.G. & Van den Heuvel, E.P.J., eds.), Cambridge University Press, p. 393.Google Scholar
Henrichs, H.F. (1985). (private communication).Google Scholar
Hertz, P. & Grindlay, J.E. (1984). Astroph. J. 278, 137.Google Scholar
Honeycutt, R.K. & Schlegel, E.M. (1983). IAU Circ. No. 3899.Google Scholar
Hutchings, J.B. & Crampton, D. (1981). Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 93, 486.Google Scholar
Hutchings, J.B., Crampton, D., Cowley, A.P., Olszewski, E., Thompson, I.B. and Suntszeft, N. (1985). Pub. Astron. Soc. Pacific 97, 418.Google Scholar
Iye, M. (1986). ESO preprint: (to appear in Pub. Astron. Soc. Japan).Google Scholar
Kelley, R., Rappaport, S., Ayashi, S. (1983). Astrophys. J. 274, 765.Google Scholar
Kodaira, K. (1983). IAU Circ. No. 3897.Google Scholar
Lewin, W.H.G. & Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (1983). “Accretion Driven Stellar X-ray Sources”, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England.Google Scholar
Maraschi, L., Treves, A. and Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (1976). Nature 259, 292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostriker, J.P. (1971). Scientif. American, 224(1), 48.Google Scholar
Paredes, J.M. & Figueras, F. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. Letters 154, L30.Google Scholar
Paredes, J.M., Stella, L., Ferri, P. and White, N.E. (1985). IAU Circ. No. 4066.Google Scholar
Pietsch, W., Collmar, W., Gottwald, M., Kahabka, P. and Oegelman, H. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. 163, 93.Google Scholar
Rappaport, S. & Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (1982). IAU Symposium No. 98 “Be Stars” (Jaschek, M. & Groth, H.G., eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht, 327.Google Scholar
Rappaport, S. & Joss, P.C. (1983). in: “Accretion-Driven Stellar X-ray Sources” (Lewin, W.H.G. & van den Heuvel, E.P.J., eds.), Cambridge University Press, p. 1.Google Scholar
Schwartz, D.A., Griffiths, R., Thorstensen, J.R., Charles, P., Bowyer, S. (1980). Astron. J. 85, 549.Google Scholar
Smale, A.P., Charles, P.A., Corbet, R.H.D., Seward, F.D. (1985). IAU Circ. No. 4083.Google Scholar
Steiner, J.E., Ferrara, A., Garcia, M. Patterson, J., Schwartz, D.A., Warwick, R.S., Watson, M.G. and McClintock, J. (1984). Astrophys. J. 280, 688.Google Scholar
Stella, L., White, N.E., Davelaar, J., Paredes, J.M., Blissett, R.J. and Van der Klis, M. (1985). Astrophys. J. L45–L49.Google Scholar
Stella, A.P. & White, N.E. (1983). IAU Circ. No. 3902.Google Scholar
Taam, R.E., Bodenheimer, P. and Ostriker, J.P. (1978). Astrophys. J. 222. Google Scholar
Tanaka, Y. et al. (1983). IAU Circ. No. 3891.Google Scholar
Taylor, A.R. & Gregory, P.C. (1982). Astrophys. J. 255, 210.Google Scholar
Terrell, J. & Priedhorsky, W.C. (1984). Astrophys. J. 285, L15.Google Scholar
Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (1968). Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands 19, 326.Google Scholar
Van den Heuvel, E.P.J., (1969). Astron. J. 74, 1095.Google Scholar
Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (1977). Annals N.Y. Acad. Sciences 302, 14.Google Scholar
Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (1984). J. Astrophys. Astron. 5, 209–233.Google Scholar
Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (1985). in “Birth and Evolution of Massive Stars”, Boland, W. and van Woerden, H. (eds.) Reidel Publ. Co. Dordrecht, p. 107.Google Scholar
Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (1986). in “The Evolution of Galactic X-ray Binaries”, Truemper, J. et al., eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. & Taam, R.E. (1984). Nature 309, 235.Google Scholar
Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. & Habets, G.M.H.J., (1985). in: “Supernovae, their Progenitors and Remnants”, Srinivasan, G. and Radhakrishnan, V. (eds.), Indian Acad. Sciences, Bangalore, P. 129.Google Scholar
Warwick, R.S., Turner, M.J.L., Watson, M.G. and Willingale, R. (1985). Nature 317, 218.Google Scholar
Waters, L.B.F.M. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. 162, 121.Google Scholar
Waters, L.B.F.M. & Taylor, A.R. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. (in the press).Google Scholar
White, N.E., Ferri, P., Paredes, J.M. and Stella, L. (1985). IAU Circ. No. 4112.Google Scholar
White, N.E., Davelaar, J., Paredes, J.M. and Stella, L. (1984). IAU Circ. No. 3912.Google Scholar
Williams, P.M. et al. (1983). IAU Circ. No. 3904.Google Scholar
Worrall, D.M. & Marshall, F.E. (1983). Astrophys. J. 267, 691.Google Scholar