Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:17:36.354Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Stellar mass loss and atmospheric Instability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Cornelis de Jager  and
Hans Nieuwenhuijzen
Cornelis de Jager
Affiliation:
Astronomical Observatory and Laboratory for Space Research Beneluxlaan 21, 3527 HS UTRECHT, the Netherlands
Hans Nieuwenhuijzen
Affiliation:
Astronomical Observatory and Laboratory for Space Research Beneluxlaan 21, 3527 HS UTRECHT, the Netherlands

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A review is given of rate of mass-loss values in the upper part of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Near the luminosity limit of stellar existance = −10−4 M⊙ yr−1. Episodical mass loss in bright variable super- and hypergiants does not significantly increase this value. For Wolf-Rayet stars the rate of mass loss is larger by a factor 140 than for non-evolved stars with the same Teff and L; for C stars this factor is ten. This can be explained qualitatively. Rotation appears hardly to influence the rate of mass loss except for vrot-values close to the break-up velocity. This is in accordance with theory. We suggest the existence of a Red Supergiant Branch; along that branch mass loss is virtually independent of luminosity. Stellar winds along the upper limit of stellar existence are mainly due: to radiation pressure for hot supergiants (≳ 10 000 K); to turbulent pressure for cool supergiants (3000-10 000 K), and to dust-driven and pulsation-driven winds for cooler stars. The turbulent pressure may originate in largescale stochastic motions as observed in Alpha Cyg. Episodical mass loss, as observed in P Cyg, HR 8752 and other Very Luminous Variables may be due to occasional violent stochastic motions, resulting in a shock-driven episodical mass-loss component.

Type
Part II. Mass-Losing Stars in Different Stages of Evolution
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 108: Atmospherics Diagnostics of Stellar Evolution: Chemical Peculiarity, Mass Loss, and Explosion , 1988 , pp. 102 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © Springer-Verlag 1988

References

Abbott, D.C., Bieging, J.H., Churchwell, E., Cassinelli, J.P.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 238, 196.Google Scholar
Andriesse, C.D.: 1979, Astrophys. Space Sci. 61, 205 Google Scholar
Boer, B., De Jager, C., Nieuwenhuijzen, H.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. submitted.Google Scholar
Boer, B., Carpay, J., De Jager, C., de Koter, A., Nieuwenhuijzen, H., Piters, A., Spaan, F.: 1988, Proc. Int. Astr. Union Coll. 108.Google Scholar
Chiosi, C.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys. 93, 163.Google Scholar
De Grève, J.P., De Loore, C., De Jager, C.: Astrophys. Space Sci. 18, 128.Google Scholar
De Jager, C.: 1980, The Brightest Stars, Reidel, Dordrecht.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De jager, C.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys. 138, 246.Google Scholar
De Jager, C., Nieuwenhuijzen, H., Van der Hucht, K.A.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Series, in press.Google Scholar
Friend, D.B., Abbott, D.C.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 311, 701 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gail, H.P., Sedlmayr, E.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. 177, 186.Google Scholar
Garmany, C.D., Olson, G.L., Conti, R.S., van Steenberg, M.E.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 250, 660 Google Scholar
Hill, S.J., Willson, L.A.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 229, 1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphreys, R.M.: 1987, in Lamers, H.J.G.L.M. and de Loore, C.H.W. (eds): “Instabilities in Luminous Early type Stars”, Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 3.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 232, 409 Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K.: 1984, Science, 233, 243 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamers, H.J.G.L.M.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 245, 593.Google Scholar
Lamers, H.J.G.L.M, Fitzpatrick, E.J.: 1988, Astrophys. J. in press.Google Scholar
Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Waters, L.B.F.M.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. in press.Google Scholar
Maeder, A., Meynet, g.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. 182, 243 Google Scholar
McCrea, W.H.: 1962, Quart. J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 3, 63.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuijzen, H., De Jager, C.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. submitted.Google Scholar
Pauldrach, A., Puls, J., Kudritzki, R.P.: 1986, Astron. Astrophys. 164, 86.Google Scholar
Piters, A., De Jager, C., Nieuwenhuijzen, H.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. in press.Google Scholar
Poe, C.H., Friend, D.B.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 311, 317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimers, D.: 1975, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège, 8, 369.Google Scholar
Vardya, M.S.: 1984, Astrophys. Space Sci. 107, 141 Google Scholar
Vardya, M.S.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 299, 255 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, P.R., Cahn, J.H.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 211, 499.Google Scholar