Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-13T10:24:52.373Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Role of Flare Stars in Cosmic-ray Origin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Maurice M. Shapiro
Maurice M. Shapiro*
Affiliation:
University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA*

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Supernovae and their expanding shock fronts are evidently the main agents of cosmic-ray acceleration. The thermal gas in the interstellar medium has been regarded as the reservoir of seed particles destined to become cosmic-ray nuclei. This assumption is, however, at variance with the source composition of galactic cosmic iays. In an alternative hypothesis, the seed particles are injected into the interstellar material as suprathermal seed ions, and it has been surmised that flare stars provide the initial boost. We find that the dMe and dKe stars are probably the principal sources of cosmic-ray seed particles. Most stars in the Galaxy are red dwarfs and many of these flares much more powerfully and frequently than solar flares. Augmenting the optical data, recent X-ray and far-ultraviolet observations now permit a better estimate of the energy budget. Altogether, dMe and dKe stars seem to be the most promising class of cosmic-ray injectors.

Type
Theory of Flares
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 151: Flares and Flashes , 1995 , pp. 185 - 192
Copyright
Copyright © Springer-Verlag 1995

References

Alfvén, H., 1981, Cosmic Plasmas, Reidel, Dordrecht CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axford, W.I., Lear, E., Skadron, G., 1977, Proc. 15th International Cosmic Ray Conf. 11, p. 132 Google Scholar
Bell, A.R., 1978, MNRAS 182, 147 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blandford, R.D., Osttikei, J.P., 1978, ApJ 221, L129 Google Scholar
Cassé, M., 1983, in Composition and Origin of Cosmic Rays, Shapiro, M.M. (ed.), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 193 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cesarsky, C.J., 1983, in Composition and Origin of Cosmic Rays, Shapiro, M.M. (ed.), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandrasekhar, S., Fermi, E., 1953, ApJ 118, 113 Google Scholar
Edwards, P.J., McQueen, M., 1971, Proc. 12th International Cosmic Ray Conf. 1, p. 323 Google Scholar
Eichler, D. 1979, ApJ 229, 415 Google Scholar
Fermi, E. 1949, Phys. Rev. 75, 1169 Google Scholar
Gershberg, R.E., 1988, in Solar and Stellar Flares, Proc. IAU Coll. 104, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. ...Google Scholar
Ginzburg, V.L., 1951, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 76, 377 Google Scholar
Ginzburg, V.L., Syrovatsky, S.I., 1964, The Origin of Cosmic Rays, Pergamon, London CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorenstein, P., 1981, in Proc. 17th International Cosmic Ray Conf. 12, p. 99 Google Scholar
Haisch, B.M., Rodonò, M. (eds.), 1989, Solar and Stellar Flares, Proc. IAU Coll. 104, Kluwer, Dordrecht Google Scholar
Haisch, B.M., Strong, K.T., Rodonò, M., 1991, ARAA 29, 295 Google Scholar
Krymsky, G.F., 1977, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 234, 1306 Google Scholar
Lagage, P.O., 1983, in Composition and Origin of Cosmic Rays, Shapiro, M.M. (ed.), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 169 Google Scholar
Lovell, B., 1974, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A277, 489 Google Scholar
Matthew, L., Quenby, J.J., Sumner, T.J., 1991, Proc. 22th International Cosmic Ray Conf. 2, p. 459 Google Scholar
Meyer, J.-P., 1985, ApJS 57, 173 Google Scholar
Mullan, D., 1979, ApJ 234, 588 Google Scholar
Northcliff, L.C., Schilling, R.F., 1970, Nuclear Data Tables A7, 233 Google Scholar
Shakhovskaya, N.I., 1995, these proceedings (and priv. comm.)Google Scholar
Shapiro, M.M., 1962, Science 135, 175 Google Scholar
Shapiro, M.M., 1987, Proc. 20th International Cosmic Ray Conf. 2, p. 260 Google Scholar
Shapiro, M.M., 1990, Proc. 21th International Cosmic Ray Conf. 4, p. 8 Google Scholar
Shklovsky, I.S., 1953, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 90, 983 Google Scholar
Unsöld, A., 1957, in Radioastronomy, Proc. IAU Symp. 4, H.C., van de Hulst (ed.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 242 Google Scholar
Wallerstein, G. (ed.), 1990, Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Astr. Soc. Pacific Conf. Series.Google Scholar