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Community-Based Preventive and Remedial Measures to Prevent Violent Extremism: A Human Security Approach to Help Transform Conflicts, Improve Social Cohesion and Improve Local Security

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2018

Human Security Collective (HSC)
Affiliation:
Human Security Collective (HSC), Riviervismarkt 5, 2513 AM The Hague, The Netherlands

Abstract

This article, presented as part of a panel on “Community-based preventive and remedial measures” at a conference on Responses to Female Migration to ISIS, is on ways in which local communities are able to strengthen social cohesion and prevent growing polarization, especially in areas where radicalization to violent extremism takes place. The analysis is based on the Human Security Collective (HSC)’s work in Palestine, Libya, Tunisia and the Netherlands where we support local communities and the professionals who work with them on addressing systemic causes that lead to exclusion, alienation and possibly radicalization leading to violent extremism. We have learnt that approaches to prevent the attraction to violent extremism networks require methods and processes akin to those developed for conflict transformation. Some of the characteristics of this approach include the inclusion of different stakeholders, local ownership in defining problems and seeking solutions, the building of trusted relationships, the mentoring of young women and men who take on a peer-model role, and the development of innovative small-scale community activities that can then be taken up by the wider community. HSC and its partners connect these local community initiatives to policymakers at municipal, national and international levels. Through the process of facilitated dialogue we aim to create “safe spaces” where persons from different backgrounds and with different interests are able to meet and exchange practices and policies. In this way, policies are validated by lived realities and citizens become aware of the way that policies that influence local security are developed and executed. This dialogue leads to a mutual understanding of and improvement in security-related policies.

Abstracto

Este documento, presentado como parte de un panel sobre “medidas preventivas y correctoras basadas en la Comunidad” en una conferencia sobre respuestas a la migración femenina a ISIS, es sobre las formas en que las comunidades locales son capaces de fortalecer la cohesión social y evitar la creciente polarización, especialmente en áreas donde la radicalización de extremismo violento tiene lugar. El análisis se basa en el trabajo de la Colectiva para la seguridad humana (HSC) en Palestina, Libia, Túnez y los Países Bajos, donde la Colectiva apoya a las comunidades locales y a los profesionales que trabajan con ellos en abordar las causas sistémicas que conducen a la exclusión, la alienación y la posible radicalización que conduce al extremismo violento. Hemos aprendido que los enfoques para prevenir la atracción hacia redes de extremismo violento requieren métodos y procesos similares a los desarrollados para la transformación de conflictos. Algunas de las características de este enfoque incluyen la inclusión de los diferentes interesados; la apropiación local en la definición de los problemas y la búsqueda de soluciones; la construcción de relaciones de confianza; la tutoría de jóvenes, mujeres y hombres que asumen un papel de modelo entre pares y el desarrollo de nuevas actividades comunitarias en pequeña escala, que luego pueden ser asumidas por la comunidad. La Colectiva para la seguridad humana (HSC) y sus socios conectan estas iniciativas comunitarias locales para los formuladores de políticas a nivel municipal, nacional e internacional. Mediante el proceso de facilitar el diálogo tenemos el objetivo de crear “espacios seguros”, donde personas de diferentes procedencias y con diferentes intereses pueden reunirse e intercambiar prácticas y políticas. De esta manera las políticas son validadas por realidades vividas y los ciudadanos son conscientes de la forma en que las políticas que influyen en la seguridad local son desarrolladas y ejecutadas. Este diálogo conduce a un entendimiento mutuo y a la mejora de las políticas relacionadas con la seguridad

Abstrait

Cet article, présenté dans le cadre d’un panel sur les « mesures préventives et correctives communautaires » lors d’une conférence sur les réponses à la migration féminine à ISIS, est sur la façon dans laquelle les communautés locales sont capables de renforcer la cohésion sociale et prevenir une polarisation croissante, en particulier dans les zones où la radicalisation à l’extrémisme violent a lieu. L’analyse est basée sur le travail de la Human Security Collective (HSC) en Palestine, Libye, Tunisie et aux Pays-Bas où nous soutenons les communautés locales et les professionnels qui travaillent avec elles pour lutter contre les causes systémiques qui conduisent à l’exclusion, à l’aliénation et éventuellement à la radicalisation, les poussant à l’extrémisme violent. Nous avons appris que les approches visant à prévenir les réseaux extrémistes necessitent des méthodes et des processus pour développer la transformation des conflits. Certaines des caractéristiques de cette approche comprennent l’inclusion des différentes parties prenantes, l’appropriation locale dans la definition des problèmes et la recherche de solutions; l'établissement des relations de confiance; le mentorat des jeunes femmes et hommes qui prennent un rôle de modèle de pair; et le développement d’ activités communautaires innovantes à petite échelle qui peuvent ensuite être prises en charge par la communauté au sens large.

HSC et ses partenaires relient les initiatives communautaires locales aux décideurs municipaux, nationaux et internationaux. À travers du processus de dialogue facilité, le HSC vise à créer des «espaces sûrs» dans lesquels les gens peuvent appliquer et échanger des pratiques et des politiques. De cette façon, les politiques sont développées et exécutées. Ce dialogue conduit à la compréhension mutuelle et à l’amélioration des politiques liées à la sécurité.

摘要:

本文作为“应对女性向伊斯兰国迁移”的会议中之“基于社区的预防性和补救措施”小组的一部分提出的,是关于如何使当地社区能够加强社会凝聚力并防止两极分化,特别是针对激进的暴力极端主义发生的地区。该分析基于在巴勒斯坦、利比亚、突尼斯和荷兰的人类安全集体(HSC)工作,我们支持当地社区和与他们合作的专业人员致力于解决排斥、疏远和可能激进化从而导致暴力极端主义的系统性问题。我们已经认识到,防止暴力极端主义网络吸引的方法需要类似于为冲突转化而发展的方法和过程。这种方法的一些特点包括:包含不同的利益相关者、定义问题和寻求解决方案的本地所有者、建立信任关系、指导年轻女性和男性建立同伴模式、以及开发被社区广泛采用的创新型小规模社区活动。

HSC和她的合作伙伴将这些当地的社区举措与市政、国家和国际层面的决策者联系起来。通过对话,我们致力于创造“安全空间”,让不同背景、不同兴趣的人能够见面并交流实践和政策。通过这种方式,政策被现实生活验证,公民也认识到影响当地安全的政策的制定和执行方式。这种对话能够促进对安全相关政策的相互理解和改进。

الملخّص

تعالج هذه المقالة، التي تم تقديمها كجزء من قائمة حول “إجراءات وقائيّة وعلاجيّة مجتمعيّة“ في مؤتمر حول “الرّدود على هجرة الإناث إلى داعش“، الطرق التي تستطيع بها المجتمعات المحليّة تعزيز التماسك الاجتماعي ومنع الاستقطاب المتزايد، خاصة في المناطق التي يحدث فيها التطرف إلى التطرف العنيف. ويستند التحليل إلى العمل الجماعي للأمن البشري Human Security Collective (HSC) في فلسطين وليبيا وتونس وهولندا حيث ندعم المجتمعات المحلية والمهنيين الذين يعملون معهم في معالجة الأسباب النظاميّة التي تؤدي إلى الاستبعاد، والاغتراب، وربما التطرف المؤدّي إلى التطرف العنيف. لقد تعلمنا أن مناهج منع الانجذاب إلى شبكات التطرّف العنيف تتطلّب أساليب وعمليّات مشابهة لتلك التي تطورّت من أجل تحويل الصراع. وتشمل بعض خصائص هذا النهج إدراج مختلف أصحاب المصلحة، والملكية المحلية في تحديد المشاكل، والسعي إلى إيجاد حلول، وبناء علاقات موثوقة، وتوجيه الشّابات والشبان الذين يتبنّون الدّور النموذجي بين الأقران، وتطوير أﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ مبتكرة وﺻﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺤﺠﻢ الّتي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ للمجتمع اﻷوﺳﻊ القيام بها

تربط HSC وشركاؤها مبادرات المجتمعات المحليّة هذه بصانعي السياسات على المستويات البلديّة والوطنيّة والدوليّة. ونهدف، من خلال عمليّة الحوار الميسّر، إلى إنشاء “مساحات آمنة“ تمكّن الأشخاص ذوي خلفيات ومصالح مختلفة من مقابلة الممارسات والسياسات وتبادلها. وبهذه الطريقة يتم التحقّق من صحّة السياسات من خلال الحقائق الحيّة، ويعي المواطنون الطريقة التي يتم بها تطوير وتنفيذ السّياسات التي تؤثّر على الأمن المحلي. يؤدي هذا الحوار إلى فهم متبادل في السياسات المتعلقة بالأمن وتطويرها.

Type
Article
Copyright
© 2018 International Society of Criminology 

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