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Preoperative Skin Antiseptic Preparations for Preventing Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Chris Kamel ,
Lynda McGahan ,
Julie Polisena ,
Monika Mierzwinski-Urban  and
John M. Embil
Chris Kamel*
Affiliation:
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Lynda McGahan
Affiliation:
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Julie Polisena
Affiliation:
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Monika Mierzwinski-Urban
Affiliation:
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
John M. Embil
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
*
600-865 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5S8, Canada ([email protected])
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Abstract

Objective.

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of preoperative skin antiseptic preparations and application techniques for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs).

Design.

Systematic review of the literature using Medline, EMBASE, and other databases, for the period January 2001 to June 2011.

Methods.

Comparative studies (including randomized and nonrandomized trials) of preoperative skin antisepsis preparations and application techniques were included. Two researchers reviewed each study and extracted data using standardized tables developed before the study. Studies were reviewed for their methodological quality and clinical findings.

Results.

Twenty studies (n = 9,520 patients) were included in the review. The results indicated that presurgical antiseptic showering is effective for reducing skin flora and may reduce SSI rates. Given the heterogeneity of the studies and the results, conclusions about which antiseptic is more effective at reducing SSIs cannot be drawn.

Conclusions.

The evidence suggests that preoperative antiseptic showers reduce bacterial colonization and may be effective at preventing SSIs. The antiseptic application method is inconsequential, and data are lacking to suggest which antiseptic solution is the most effective. Disinfectant products are often mixed with alcohol or water, which makes it difficult to form overall conclusions regarding an active ingredient. Large, well-conducted randomized controlled trials with consistent protocols comparing agents in the same bases are needed to provide unequivocal evidence on the effectiveness of one antiseptic preparation over another for the prevention of SSIs.

Type
Review Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 33 , Issue 6 , June 2012 , pp. 608 - 617
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2012 

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