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Predictors of Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract–Related Bloodstream Infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

M. Todd Greene ,
Robert Chang ,
Latoya Kuhn ,
Mary A. M. Rogers ,
Carol E. Chenoweth ,
Emily Shuman  and
Sanjay Saint
M. Todd Greene*
Affiliation:
Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Veterans Affairs/University of Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Robert Chang
Affiliation:
Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Veterans Affairs/University of Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Latoya Kuhn
Affiliation:
Department of Veterans Affairs/University of Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research, Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Mary A. M. Rogers
Affiliation:
Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Veterans Affairs/University of Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Carol E. Chenoweth
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Infection Control and Epidemiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Emily Shuman
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Sanjay Saint
Affiliation:
Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Veterans Affairs/University of Michigan Patient Safety Enhancement Program, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research, Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
*
University of Michigan Health System, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 16-Room 470C, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Objective.

Bloodstream infection (BSI) secondary to nosocomial urinary tract infection is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and additional financial costs. Our objective was to identify predictors of nosocomial urinary tract-related BSI.

Design.

Matched case-control study.

Setting.

Midwestern tertiary care hospital.

Patients.

Cases n = 298) were patients with a positive urine culture obtained more than 48 hours after admission and a blood culture obtained within 14 days of the urine culture that grew the same organism. Controls (n = 667), selected by incidence density sampling, included patients with a positive urine culture who were at risk for BSI but did not develop one.

Methods.

Conditional logistic regression and classification and regression tree analyses.

Results.

The most frequently isolated microorganisms that spread from the urinary tract to the bloodstream were Enterococcus species. Independent risk factors included neutropenia (odds ratio [OR], 10.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.78-20.88), renal disease (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.98-4.41), and male sex (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.52-3.12). The probability of developing a urinary tract-related BSI among neutropenic patients was 70%. Receipt of immunosuppressants (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.04-2.25), insulin (OR, 4.82; 95% CI, 2.52-9.21), and antibacterials (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44-0.97) also significantly altered risk.

Conclusions.

The heightened risk of urinary tract-related BSI associated with several comorbid conditions suggests that the management of nosocomial bacteriuria may benefit from tailoring to certain patient subgroups. Consideration of time-dependent risk factors, such as medications, may also help guide clinical decisions in reducing BSI.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(10):1001-1007

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 33 , Issue 10 , October 2012 , pp. 1001 - 1007
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2012

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