Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T21:36:23.357Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Postexposure Prophylaxis Against Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection Among Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Unresolved Issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

David M. Weinstock ,
Michael Boeckh ,
Farid Boulad ,
Janet A. Eagan ,
Victoria J. Fraser ,
David K. Henderson ,
Trish M. Perl ,
Deborah Yokoe  and
Kent A. Sepkowitz
David M. Weinstock*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Michael Boeckh
Affiliation:
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and theUnviersity of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Farid Boulad
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Janet A. Eagan
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Victoria J. Fraser
Affiliation:
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
David K. Henderson
Affiliation:
Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Trish M. Perl
Affiliation:
Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
Deborah Yokoe
Affiliation:
Brigham and Women's Hospitaland Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Kent A. Sepkowitz
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
*
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 109, New York, NY 10021
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Recent guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections have addressed a variety of issues germane to recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. However, there are several issues regarding postexposure prophylaxis against varicella-zoster virus that remain unresolved. We address these questions and offer several consensus recommendations.

Type
Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 25 , Issue 7 , July 2004 , pp. 603 - 608
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Bilgrami, S, Chakraborty, NG, Rodriguez-Pinero, F, et al.Varicella zoster virus infection associated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell rescue. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999;23:469–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Arvin, AM. Varicella-zoster virus: pathogenesis, immunity, and clinical management in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000;6:219–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Callum, JL, Brandwein, JM, Sutcliffe, SB, Scott, JG, Keating, A. Influence of total body irradiation on infections after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991;8:245–251.Google Scholar
4.Christiansen, NP, Haake, RJ, Hurd, DD. Early herpes zoster infection in adult patients with Hodgkin's disease undergoing autologous bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991;7:435–437.Google Scholar
5.Han, CS, Miller, W, Haake, R, Weisdorf, D. Varicella zoster infection after bone marrow transplantation: incidence, risk factors and complications. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;13:277–283.Google Scholar
6.Kawasaki, H, Takayama, J, Ohira, M. Herpes zoster infection after bone marrow transplantation in children. J Pediatr 1996;128:353–356.Google Scholar
7.Ketterer, N, Espinouse, D, Chomarat, M, et al.Infections following peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for lymphoproliferative malignancies: etiology and potential risk factors. Am J Med 1999;106:191–197.Google Scholar
8.Koc, Y, Miller, KB, Schenkein, DP, et al.Varicella zoster virus infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: frequency, risk factors, and clinical outcome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000;6:44–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Leung, TF, Chik, KW, Li, CK, et al.Incidence, risk factors and outcome of varicella-zoster virus infection in children after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;25:167–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Ljungman, P, Lonnqvist, B, Gahrton, G, Ringden, O, Sundqvist, VA, Wahren, B. Clinical and subclinical reactivations of varicella-zoster virus in immunocompromised patients. J Infect Dis 1986;153:840–847.Google Scholar
11.Maltezou, HC, Kafetzis, DA, Abisaid, D, Mantzouranis, EC, Chan, KW, Rolston, KV. Viral infections in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:307–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Nakayama, H, Okamura, J, Ohga, S, et al.Herpes zoster in children with bone marrow transplantation: report from a single institution. Acta Paediatrica Japan 1995;37:302–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Novitzky, N, Rouskova, A. Infectious complications following T-cell depleted hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Cytotherapy 2001;3:165–173.Google Scholar
14.Offidani, M, Corvatta, L, Olivieri, A, et al.A predictive model of varicella-zoster virus infection after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:1414–1422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Schuchter, LM, Wingard, JR, Piantadosi, S, Burns, WH, Santos, GW, Saral, R. Herpes zoster infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1989;74:1424–1427.Google Scholar
16.Takaue, Y, Okamoto, Y, Kawano, Y, et al.Regeneration of immunity and varicella-zoster virus infection after high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell autografts in children. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;14:219–223.Google Scholar
17.Tzeng, CH, Liu, JH, Fan, S, et al.Varicella zoster virus infection after allogeneic or autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Formos Med Assoc 1995;94:313–317.Google Scholar
18.Wacker, P, Hartmann, O, Benhamou, E, Salloum, E, Lemerle, J. Varicella-zoster virus infections after autologous bone marrow transplantation in children. Bone Marrow Transplant 1989;4:191–194.Google Scholar
19.Wilson, A, Sharp, M, Koropchak, CM, Ting, SF, Arvin, AM. Subclinical varicella-zoster virus viremia, herpes zoster, and T lymphocyte immunity to varicella-zoster viral antigens after bone marrow transplantation. J Infect Dis 1992;165:119–126.Google Scholar
20.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infectious Disease Society of America, American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. MMWR 2000;49(RR-10):1–125.Google Scholar
21.Sullivan, KM, Dykewicz, CA, Longworth, DL, et al.Preventing opportunistic infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation practice guidelines and beyond. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2001:392–421.Google Scholar
22.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1996;45(RR-11):1–36.Google Scholar
23.Ross, AH. Modification of chicken pox in family contacts by administration of gamma globulin. N Engl J Med 1962;267:369–376.Google Scholar
24.Seiler, HE. A study of herpes zoster particularly in its relationship to chickenpox. Journal of Hygiene 1949;47:253–262.Google Scholar
25.Leclair, JM, Zaia, JA, Levine, MJ, Congdon, RG, Goldmann, DA. Airborne transmission of chickenpox in a hospital. N Engl J Med 1980;302:450–453.Google Scholar
26.Gustafson, TL, Lavely, GB, Brawner, ER, Hutcheson, RH, Wright, PF, Schaffner, W. An outbreak of airborne nosocomial varicella. Pediatrics 1982;70:550–556.Google Scholar
27.Josephson, A, Gombert, ME. Airborne transmission of nosocomial varicella from localized zoster. J Infect Dis 1988;158:238–241.Google Scholar
28.Sawyer, MH, Chamberlin, CJ, Wu, YN, Aintablian, N, Wallace, MR. Detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA in air samples from hospital rooms. J Infect Dis 1994;169:91–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of varicella: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1999;48(RR-6):1–5.Google Scholar
30.Feldhoff, CM, Balfour, HH JrSimmons, RL, Najarian, JS, Mauer, SM. Varicella in children with renal transplants. J Pediatr 1981;98:25–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Schimpff, S, Serpick, A, Staler, B, et al.Varicella-zoster infection in patients with cancer. Ann Intern Med 1972;76:241–254.Google Scholar
32.Gershon, AA, Steinberg, SP, Gelb, L. Clinical reinfection with varicella-zoster virus. J Infect Dis 1984;149:137–142.Google Scholar
33.Morens, DM, Bregman, DJ, West, CM, et al.An outbreak of varicella-zoster virus infection among cancer patients. Ann Intern Med 1980;93:414–419.Google Scholar
34.Pallett, AP, Nichols, MW. Varicella-zoster: reactivation or reinfection? Lancet 1986;1:160.Google Scholar
35.Zaia, JA, Levin, MJ, Preblud, SR, et al.Evaluation of varicella-zoster immune globulin: protection of immunosuppressed children after household exposure to varicella. J Infect Dis 1983;147:737–743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Talbot, GH, Skros, M, Fisher, M, Friedman, H. Immunologic evidence of reinfection with varicella-zoster. J Infect Dis 1984;149:1035–1036.Google Scholar
37.Husstedt, W, Dennin, RH, Krebs, D. Manifest chickenpox reinfection in pregnancy with low varicella antibody titer? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1984;44:665–666.Google Scholar
38.McNamara, MP, LaCrosse, S, Piering, WF, Rytel, MW. Exogenous reinfection with varicella-zoster virus. N Engl J Med 1987;317:511.Google ScholarPubMed
39.Junker, K, Avnstorp, C, Nielsen, CM, Hansen, NE. Reinfection with varicella-zoster virus in immunocompromised patients. Curr Probl Dermatol 1989;18:152–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Marczynska, M. Recurrence of varicella-zoster virus infection. Pol Tyg Lek 1989;44:801–802.Google Scholar
41.Schoub, BD, Blackburn, NK, Johnson, S, McAnerney, JM, Miller, B. Low antibody avidity in elderly chickenpox patients. J Med Virol 1992;37:113–115.Google Scholar
42.Redman, RL, Nader, S, Zerboni, L, et al.Early reconstitution of immunity and decreased severity of herpes zoster in bone marrow transplant recipients immunized with inactivated varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis 1997;176:578–585.Google Scholar
43.Weinstock, DM, Rogers, M, Lim, S, Eagan, JA, Sepkowitz, KA. Seroconversion rates in health care workers using a latex agglutination assay after varicella virus vaccination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:504–507.Google Scholar
44.Cangene. VariZIG [package insert]. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: Cangene; 2001.Google Scholar
45.Dolin, R, Reichman, RC, Mazur, MH, Whitley, RJ. NIH conference: herpes zoster-varicella infections in immunosuppressed patients. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:375–388.Google Scholar
46.Orenstein, WA, Heymann, DL, Ellis, RJ, et al.Prophylaxis of varicella in high-risk children: dose-response effect of zoster immune globulin. J Pediatr 1981;98:368–373.Google Scholar
47.Suga, S, Yoshikawa, T, Ozaki, T, Asano, Y. Effect of oral acyclovir against primary and secondary viremia in incubation period of varicella. Arch Dis Child 1993;69:639–642.Google Scholar
48.Fiddian, P, Sabin, CA, Griffiths, PD. Valacyclovir provides optimum acyclovir exposure for prevention of cytomegalovirus and related outcomes after organ transplantation. J Infect Dis 2002; 186(suppl 1):S110–S115.Google Scholar
49.Kanda, Y, Mineishi, S, Saito, T, et al.Long-term low-dose acyclovir against varicella-zoster virus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001;28:689–692.Google Scholar
50.Ljungman, P, Wilczek, H, Gahrton, G, et al.Long-term acyclovir prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients and lymphocyte proliferation responses to herpes virus antigens in vitro. Bone Marrow Transplant 1986;1:185–192.Google Scholar
51.Ljungman, P. Prevention and treatment of viral infections in stem cell transplant recipients. Br J Haematol 2002;118:44–57.Google Scholar
52.Lundgren, G, Wilczek, H, Lonnqvist, B, Lindholm, A, Wahren, B, Ringden, O. Acyclovir prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1985;47:137–144.Google Scholar
53.Selby, PJ, Powles, RL, Easton, D, et al.The prophylactic role of intravenous and long-term oral acyclovir after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Br J Cancer 1989;59:434–438.Google Scholar
54.Steer, CB, Szer, J, Sasadeusz, J, Matthews, JP, Beresford, JA, Grigg, A. Varicella-zoster infection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: incidence, risk factors and prevention with low-dose acyclovir and ganciclovir. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;25:657–664.Google Scholar
55.Arbeter, AM, Starr, SE, Plotkin, SA. Varicella vaccine studies in healthy children and adults. Pediatrics 1986;78:748–756.Google Scholar
56.Cheson, BD. Infectious and immunosuppressive complications of purine analog therapy. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2431–2448.Google Scholar
57.Keating, MJ, Flinn, I, Jain, V, et al.Therapeutic role of alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1H) in patients who have failed fludarabine: results of a large international study. Blood 2002;99:3554–3561.Google Scholar
58.Brandt, L, Broadbent, V. A survey of recommendations given to patients going home after bone marrow transplant. Arch Dis Child 1994;71:529–531.Google Scholar