Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T08:53:25.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Nosocomial Pneumonia, New Concepts on an Old Disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2017

Donald E. Craven*
Affiliation:
Boston University School of Medicine and Boston City Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
*
Boston City Hospital, 818 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02118
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1998

References

1.Osier, W: Thr Principles and Practice of Medicine, ed 4. New York, Appleton & co, 1901, p 108.Google Scholar
2.Stevens, RM. Teres, D, Skillman, JJ, et al: Pneumonia in an intensive care unit: A thirty month experience. Arch Intern Med 1974; 134:106111.Google Scholar
3.Graybill, JR, Marshall, LW, Charache, P, et al: Nosocomial pneumonia: A continuing major problem. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973; 108:11301140.Google Scholar
4.Craven, DE, Kunches, LM, Kilinsky, V, et al: Risk factors for pneumonia and' fatality in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133:792796.Google Scholar
5.Horan, TC, White, JW, Jarvis, WR: Nosocomial infection surveillance, 1984. MMWR 1986; 35:17SS29SS.Google Scholar
6.Gross, PA, Neu, HC, Aswapokee, P, et al: Deaths from nosocomial infection: Experience in a university hospital and a community hospital. Am J Med 1980; 68:219223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Cross, AS, Roupe, B: Role of respiratory-assistance devices in endemic nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Med 1981; 70:681685.Google Scholar
8.Pierce, AK, Sanford, JP, Thomas, GD, et al: Long-term evaluation of decontamination of inhalation-therapy equipment and the occurrence of necrotizing pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1970; 282:528531.Google Scholar
9.Reinarz, JA, Pierce, AK, Mays, BB, et al: Potential role of inhalation therapy equipment in nosocomial pulmonary infection. J Clin Invest 1965; 44:831839.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Atherton, ST, White, DJ: Stomach as source of bacteria colonizing respiratory tract during artificial ventilation. Lancet 1978: 2:9689691.Google Scholar
11.du Moulin, GC, Hedley-Whyte, J, Paterson, DG, et al: Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients: A frequent cause of postoperative colonization of the airway. Lancet 1982; 1:242245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Goularte, TA, Lichtenberg, DA, Craven, DE: Gastric colonization in patients receiving antacids and mechanical ventilation: A mechanism for pharyngeal colonization. Am J Infect Control 1986; 14:88.Google Scholar
13.Donowitz, LG, Page, ML, Mileur, BL, et al: Alteration of normal gastric flora in critical care patients receiving antacid and cimetidine therapy. Infect Control 1986; 7:2326.Google Scholar
14.Crave”, DE, Driks, MR: Pneumonia in the intubated patient. Semin Respir Infect 1987; 2:2033.Google Scholar
15.Driks, MR, Craven, DE, Celli, BA, et al: Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients randomized to sucralfate versus antacids and/or histasmine type 2 blockers: The role of gastric colonization. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:13761382.Google Scholar
16.Tryba, M: The risk of acute stress bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated ICU-patients: Sucralfate vs antacids. Proceedings of the International Sucralfate Symposium, Maui, Hawaii (February 1987). Am J Med 1987; 83(3B):117124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Daschner, F, Kappstein, I, Engets 1, et al: Stress ulcer prophylaxis and ventilation pneumonia: Prevention by antibacterial cytoprotective agents? Infect Control 1988: 9:5965.Google Scholar
18.Garrod, LP: A study of the bacterial power of hydrochloric acid and of gastric juice. St Barth Hosp Rep 1939: 72:145167.Google Scholar
19.Kass, EH, Schneiderman, LJ: Entry of bacteria into the urinary tracts of patients with inlying catheters. N Engl J Med 1957; 256:556557.Google Scholar
20.Borrero, SL, Bank, S, Margolis, I, et al: Comparison of antacid and sucralfate in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are critically ill. Am J Med 1985; 79:6264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Orlando, RC, Turjman, NA, Tobey, NA, et al: Mucosal protection by sucralfate and its components in acid-exposed rabbit esophagus. Gastroenterology 1987: 93:352361.Google Scholar
22.Tryba, M, Mantey-Stiers, F: Antibacterial activity of sucralfate in human gastric juice. Am J Med 1987; 87(3B): 125127.Google Scholar
23.Pennington, JE: Nosocomial respiratory infection, in Mandell, GL, Douglas, RG Jr, Bennett, JE (eds): Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1985, pp 16201625.Google Scholar
24.Pingleton, SK, Hinthorn, DR, Liu, C: Enteral nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: Multiple sources of tracheal colonization including the stomach. Am J Med 1986; 80:827832.Google Scholar
25.Stoutenbeck, CP, VanSaene, HKF, Miranda, DR, et al: The effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on colonization and infection rate in multiple trauma patients. Intensive Care Med 1984; 10:185192.Google Scholar
26.Unertl, K. Ruckdeschel, G, Selbmann, HK, et al: Prevention of colonization and infections in long-term ventilated patients by local antimicrobial prophylaxis. Intensive Cure Med 1987; 13:106113.Google ScholarPubMed
27.Klastersky, J, Thys, JP: Local antibiotic therapy for bronchopneumonia, in Penningto”, JE (ed): Respiratory Infections: Diagnosis and Management. New York, Raven, Press, 1983, pp 481.489.Google Scholar