Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-lrblm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-20T11:28:05.572Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Noninfluenza Respiratory Virus Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2016

Ann R. Falsey
Ann R. Falsey*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, The Rochester General Hospital, and The University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
*
Infectious Disease Unit, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Ave., Rochester, NY 14621
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Acute respiratory infections are a common problem in the general population, particularly during the winter months. Nonbacterial causes such as viruses, mycoplasma, and Chlamydia predominate,’ but with the exception of influenza virus, comprehensive studies are lacking that define the impact of these agents on the elderly. The institutionalized elderly represent a special subgroup of older persons who are prone to excess morbidity and mortality with respiratory infections. Each year, many residents of long-term care facilities become ill with respiratory illnesses not proven to be influenza, either by culture or serology. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of a variety of viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza, which can cause significant disease in this high-risk population. This article will review several of these epidemiologic studies and discuss in detail a number of viruses that are emerging as significant pathogens in the long-term care facility, with attention to modes of transmission and infection control.

Type
Topics in Long-Term Care
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 12 , Issue 10 , October 1991 , pp. 602 - 608
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Garibaldi, RA. Epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infection in adults-incidence, etiology and impact. Am J Med. 1985;78:32–37.10.1016/0002-9343(85)90361-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Scheckler, WE, Peterson, PJ. Infections and infection control among residents of eight rural Wisconsin nursing homes. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:1981–1984.10.1001/archinte.1986.00360220141024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Garibaldi, RA, Brodine, S, Matsumiya, S. Infections among patients in nursing homes: policies, prevalence, and problems. N Engl J Med. 1982;305:731–735.10.1056/NEJM198109243051304CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Monto, AS, Cavallaro, JJ. The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness, II: patterns of occurrence of infection with respiratory pathogens. Am J Epidemiol. 1971;94:280–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Arroyo, JC, Jordan, AN, Milligan, L. Upper respiratory tract infection and serum antibody responses in nursing home patients. Infect Control. 1988;16:152–158.10.1016/0196-6553(88)90026-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Nicholson, KG, Baker, DJ, Faquhar, A, Hurd, D, Kent, J, Smith, SH. Acute upper respiratory tract viral illness and influenza immunization in homes for the elderly. Epidemiol Infect. 1990; 105:609–618.10.1017/S0950268800048251CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Sigaard-Andersen J, Hjort, L, Tecumseh, A. Epidemiology of herpes virus and respiratory virus infections. Part 2. Clinical findings. Geriatrics. 1975;30:73–78.Google Scholar
8. Gross, PA, Rodstein, M, Lamontagne, JR, et al. Epidemiology of acute respiratory illness during an influenza outbreak in a nursing home. A prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:559–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Mathur, U, Bentley, DW, Hall, CB. Concurrent respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A infections in the institutionalized elderly and chronically ill. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:49–52.10.7326/0003-4819-93-1-49CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Walsh, EE, Hall, CB. Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Lennette, EK, Schmidt, NJ, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association. 1988;693–713.Google Scholar
11. Vikerfors T, Grandiem, Olcen, P. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136:561–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Spelman, DW, Stanley, PA. Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in adults. Med J Australia. 1993;1:430–431.10.5694/j.1326-5377.1983.tb136145.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Zakoukian, MH, Kashyap, GH, Wentworth, BB. Case report: respiratory syncytial virus infection. A cause of respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia in adults. Am J Med Sciences. 1988;295:218–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Morales, F, Calder, MA, Inglis, JM, Murdoch, PS, Williamson, J. A study of respiratory infections in the elderly to assess the role of respiratory syncytial virus . J Infect. 1983;7:236–247.10.1016/S0163-4453(83)97142-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Levenson, RM, Kantoro, S. Fatal uneumonia in an adult due to respiratory syncytial virus. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:791–792.10.1001/archinte.1987.00370040173031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Garvie, DG, Gray, J. Outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderlv. Br Med J 1980;281:1253–1254.10.1136/bmj.281.6250.1253-aCrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Respiratory syncytial virus in the elderly 19761982. Br Med J. 1983;287;1618–1619.Google Scholar
18. Hart, RJ. An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in an old people's home. J Infect. 1984;8:259–261.10.1016/S0163-4453(84)94075-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Sorvillo, FJ, Huie, SE, Strossburg, MA, Butsumyo, A, Shandera, WX, Fannin, SL. An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a nursing home for the elderly. J Infect. 1984;9:252–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Agius, G, Dindinaud, G, Biggar, RJ, et al. An epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus in elderly people: clinical and sero-logic findings. J Med Viral. 1990;30:117–127.10.1002/jmv.1890300208CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Osterweil, D, Norman, D. An outbreak of an influenza-like illness in a nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38:659–662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22. Falsey, AJ, Walsh, EE. Humoral immunity to RSV in the elderly. J Med Virol. In press.Google Scholar
23. McConnochie, KM, Hall, CB, Walsh, EE, et al. Variation in severity of respiratory syncytial virus with subtype. J Pediatr. 1990;117:52–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Hall, CB. Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Mandell, GL, Douglas, RG Jr, Bennett, JE, eds. Principles and Practices of infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1990: 1265–1279.Google Scholar
25. Kimball, AM, Foy, HM, Cooney, MK, Allan, ID, Matlock, M, Plorde, JJ. Isolation of respiratory syncytial influenza from the sputum of patients hospitalized with pneumonia. J Infect Dis. 1983;147:181–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Fransen, H, Sterner, G, Forsgren, M, et al. Acute lower respiratory illness in elderly patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Acta Medica Scand. 1967;182;323–329.10.1111/j.0954-6820.1967.tb11530.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Graman, PS, Hall, CB. Epidemiology and control of nosocomial viral infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1989;3:815–841.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28. Hall, CB, Douglas, RG Jr, Geiman, JM. Possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus. J Infect Dis. 1980;141:98–102.10.1093/infdis/141.1.98CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Goodman, RA, Orenstein, WA, Munro, TF, Smith, SC, Sikes, K. Impact of influenza A in a nursing home. JAMA. 1982;247:1451–1453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30. Hall, CB, Douglas, RG Jr. Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: should gowns and masks be used? Am J Dis Child. 1981;135:512–515.10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130300012006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31. Anderson, JL, Patriarca, PA, Hierholzer, JC, Noble, GR. Viral respiratory illnesses. Med Clin North Am. 1983;67:1009–1031.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32. Centers for Disease Control. Parainfluenza outbreaks in extended-care facilities-United States. MMWR. 1978:27:475–476.Google Scholar
33. Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Parainfluenza infections in the elderly 197682. Br Med J. 1983;287:1619.Google Scholar
34. Gwaltney, JM. Rhinovirus. In Mandell, GL, Douglas, RG Jr, Bennett, JE, eds. Principles and Practices of Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1989;1399–1405.Google Scholar
35. Gwaltney, JM, Hendley, JO, Simon, G, Jordan, WS. Rhinovirus infections in an industrial population, I: the occurrence of illness. N Engl J Med. 1966;275:1261–1268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. Gwaltney, JM, Moskalski, PB, Hendley, JO. Hand-to-hand transmission of rhinovirus colds. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:463–467.10.7326/0003-4819-88-4-463CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Larsen, HE, Reed, JE, Tyffell, D. Isolation of rhinoviruses and coronaviruses from 38 colds in adults. J Med Virol. 1980:5:221–229.10.1002/jmv.1890050306CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38. McIntosh, K. Coronaviruses: a comparative review. Curr Topics Microbiol Immunol. 1974;63:85–129.Google Scholar
39. Hornsleth, A, Sigaard-Anderson, J, Hjort, L. Epidemiology of herpes virus and respiratory virus infections. Part 1. Serologic findings. Geriatrics. 1975;30:62–68.Google ScholarPubMed
40. Luby, JP, Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae . Infect Clinics Chest Med. 1991; 134:681–687.Google Scholar
41. Foy, HM, Kenny, GE, Cooney, MK, Allan, ID. Long-term epidemiology of infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae . J Infect Dis. 1979;139:681–687.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42. Foy, HM, Kenny, GE, McMahon, R, Mansy, AM, Grayston, JT. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in an urban area. Five years of surveillance. JAMA. 1970;214:1666–1672.10.1001/jama.1970.03180090032006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43. Monto, AS, Kim, SK. The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness, III: incidence and periodicity of respiratory syncytial virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Am J Epidemiol. 1971;94:290–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44. Weinstein, L. Infectious diseases in the elderly-an overview. In: Cunha, BA, ed. Infectious Diseases in the Elderly. Littleton, Mass: PSG Publishing Co., Inc.; 1988;1–5.Google Scholar
45. Thorn, PH, Grayston, JT. Infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR. Clinics Chest Med. 1991;12:245–256.Google Scholar
46. Grayston, JT, Campbell, LA, Kuo, CC. A new respiratory tract pathogen: Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR. J Infect Dis. 1990;61:618–625.10.1093/infdis/161.4.618CrossRefGoogle Scholar