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Incidence and Predictors of Surgical-Site Infections in Vietnam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Dao Nguyen ,
William Bruce MacLeod ,
Dae Cam Phung ,
Quyet Thang Cong ,
Viet Hung Nguyen ,
Van Hoa Nguyen  and
Davidson Howes Hamer
Dao Nguyen
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center-Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts
William Bruce MacLeod
Affiliation:
Department of International Health, Applied Research on Child Health Project, Center for International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
Dae Cam Phung
Affiliation:
National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Friendship Huu Nghi Hospital
Quyet Thang Cong
Affiliation:
Department of Anaesthesia, Friendship Huu Nghi Hospital
Viet Hung Nguyen
Affiliation:
Division of Infection Control, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
Van Hoa Nguyen
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Friendship Huu Nghi Hospital
Davidson Howes Hamer*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center-Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Massachusetts Department of International Health, Applied Research on Child Health Project, Center for International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
*
Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, T4w, Boston, MA 02118
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Abstract

Objective:

To determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, surgical-site infections (SSIs).

Design:

Prospective observational study of all patients undergoing surgery during a 3-month period.

Setting:

Two urban hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Patients:

All 697 patients admitted for emergent and elective surgery.

Methods:

Data were collected on all patients undergoing surgery during a 3-month period at each hospital. We stratified the data by type of surgery, wound class, and Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) risk index. The analysis was done with the data sets from each hospital separately and with the combined data. The risk factors for SSI were identified using a logistic-regression model.

Results:

During the period of observation, 10.9% of 697 patients had SSI. The SSI rate was 8.3% for clean wounds, 8.6% for clean-contaminated, 12.2% for contaminated, and 43.9% for dirty wounds. The lowest rate of SSI (2.4%) was found in obstetric-gynecologic procedures and the highest rate (33.3%) in cardiothoracic operations. Using the SENIC risk index, the incidence of SSI in low-risk patients was 5.1%; for medium-risk patients, 13.5%, and high-risk patients, 24.2%. In a logistic-regression model, abdominal surgery (odds ratio [OR], 4.46; P<.01) and wound class IV (OR, 5.67; P<.01) were significant predictors of SSI. All patients were treated with prolonged courses of perioperative antibiotics. Overall infection control practices were poor as a result of deficient facilities, limited surgical instruments, and a lack of proper supplies for wound care and personal hygiene.

Conclusions:

There was a higher incidence of SSI in low-risk patients in Vietnam compared with developed countries. Excessive reliance on antimicrobial therapy as a means to limit SSI places patients at higher risk of adverse effects from treatment and also may contribute to worsening problems with antimicrobial resistance. Establishment of an infection control program with guidelines for antimicrobial use should improve the use of prophylactic antibiotics and attention to proper surgical and wound-care techniques. These interventions also should reduce the incidence of SSI and its associated morbidity and costs.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 22 , Issue 8 , August 2001 , pp. 485 - 492
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2001

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