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Evaluation of an Intervention Designed to Decrease the Rate of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection by Encouraging Decreased Fluoroquinolone Use

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2016

Karl J. Madaras-Kelly ,
Richard E. Remington ,
Pamela G. Lewis  and
Dennis L. Stevens
Karl J. Madaras-Kelly*
Affiliation:
Clinical Pharmacy Service, Boise Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and theCollege of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Boise, Idaho
Richard E. Remington
Affiliation:
College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho
Pamela G. Lewis
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs Infectious Diseases Service, Boise, Idaho
Dennis L. Stevens
Affiliation:
Veterans Affairs Infectious Diseases Service, Boise, Idaho School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
*
ISU College of Pharmacy, c/o Boise VA Medical Center, 500 West Fort Street (119A), Boise, ID 83702 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Objective.

Society for Health Care Epidemiology guidelines recommend decreasing the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in institutions where methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic. We evaluated whether an intervention to limit fluoroquinolone use was associated with a lower rate of nosocomial MRSA infection and summarized changes in antibiotic use, changes in other variables potentially correlated with a lower rate of MRSA infection, and rates of nosocomial infections due to other pathogens.

Design.

Single-center quasi-experimental design. A time series of nosocomial MRSA infections was measured at monthly intervals from July 2001 through June of 2004; there were 80 MRSA infections recorded. Segmented regression analysis (ie, quasi-Poisson generalized linear models) was used to evaluate variables possibly associated with the nosocomial MRSA infection rate.

Setting.

An 87-bed Veterans Affairs teaching hospital with an extended-care facility.

Intervention.

A physician-directed computer-generated intervention designed to limit the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics was initiated, and institutional changes in antibiotic use and nosocomial MRSA infection rates were tracked.

Results.

After the intervention, fluoroquinolone use decreased by approximately 34%, and levofloxacin use decreased by approximately 50%. Decreased fluoroquinolone use was offset by increased cephalosporin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use. The nosocomial MRSA infection rate decreased from 1.37 to 0.63 episodes per 1,000 patient-days after the study intervention (P = .02). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus infection rates also decreased. However, the rate of infection with gram-negative organisms increased. The rate of MRSA infection was positively correlated with levofloxacin use (P = .01) and azithromycin use (P = .08), whereas it was negatively correlated with summer season (P = .05). In a subsequent model, the rate of MRSA infection was negatively correlated with the study intervention (P = .04).

Conclusion.

Reduction in the institutional use of fluoroquinolones may be associated with a lower nosocomial MRSA infection rate.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , February 2006 , pp. 155 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2006

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