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Defining Relatedness in Studies of Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Organisms Variability in Definitions across Studies and Impact of Different Approaches on Study Conclusions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Rachel M. Greenblatt ,
Jennifer H. Han ,
Irving Nachamkin ,
Pam Tolomeo  and
Ebbing Lautenbach
Rachel M. Greenblatt
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jennifer H. Han*
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases of the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Irving Nachamkin
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pam Tolomeo
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Ebbing Lautenbach
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases of the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
*
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Third Floor, Silverstein Building, Suite E, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Objective.

Comparison of studies evaluating patient-to-patient transmission of organisms is difficult, given the lack of standardized criteria. We used fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FQREC) as a model to characterize variability in definitions of relatedness across studies and to evaluate the resultant impact on study conclusions.

Design.

Narrative review and cohort study.

Methods.

The narrative review compared relatedness criteria across studies of FQREC. Additionally, an existing database was used to compare relatedness of isolates on the basis of molecular criteria alone versus molecular plus clinical criteria with different temporal cutoffs (hospitalization overlap of ≥1 day or allowance for nonoverlap of hospitalization dates of ≤7 days or ≤30 days).

Results.

Forty-six articles met narrative review inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies exclusively utilized molecular criteria to define relatedness. Thirty studies included molecular and clinical criteria. Of these, 6 included temporal data (ie, time period of isolate identification), 10 included patient location, and 14 included proximity and temporal criteria. For the database analysis, 353 patients were colonized with FQREC. There were 2 main clusters containing 48 and 17 related isolates within 49 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types. Among the clusters, 18.4% of isolates were related by molecular criteria. Incorporating clinical criteria, fewer isolates were considered related: 5.7% of isolates using 30-day criteria, 3.1% using 7-day criteria, and 1.4% using 1-day overlap.

Conclusions.

There is considerable variability in definitions of relatedness of FQREC. Utilizing molecular criteria alone to define relatedness overestimates transmission compared with definitions including clinical criteria. Standard definitions of relatedness in studies of antimicrobial-resistant organisms are needed.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , January 2013 , pp. 40 - 48
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2013

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