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Control of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase in Intensive Care Units: Rectal Screening May Not Be Needed in Non-Epidemic Situations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Michelle Thouverez ,
Daniel Talon  and
Xavier Bertrand
Michelle Thouverez
Affiliation:
Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon cedex, France
Daniel Talon
Affiliation:
Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon cedex, France
Xavier Bertrand*
Affiliation:
Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon cedex, France
*
Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
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Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the usefulness of screening cultures in the control of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in intensive care units (ICUs).

Design:

A 4-year retrospective study.

Setting:

Two adult ICUs of a university-affiliated public hospital in France.

Results:

A total of 7,777 specimens were analyzed and 28 (0.97%) of 2,883 screened patients had a positive result on a screening test, among the 3,678 admitted patients. Thirteen of these 28 patients were only carriers; 4 were carriers and then were colonized or infected 2, 2, 3, and 8 days later, respectively; and 11 were colonized or infected before a screening test was positive. Cluster analysis showed that the occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae cross-transmission within both ICUs was limited to 9 cases. Thus, most cases (19 of 28) were probably imported. Surveillance cultures failed to detect 9 of the 19 cases.

Conclusion:

The low prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriers on admission (0.45%) and the relative ineffectiveness of our screening test to detect imported cases suggest that systematic detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients is not cost-effective and that the use of clinical cultures may be sufficient to control ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in non-epidemic situations.

Type
Orginal Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 25 , Issue 10 , October 2004 , pp. 838 - 841
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2004 

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