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Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Source Patients for Occupational Exposures to Healthcare Workers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Elise M. Beltrami ,
Rachanee Cheingsong ,
Walid M. Heneine ,
Richard A. Respess ,
Jean G. Orelien ,
Meryl H. Mendelson ,
Mari A. Stewart ,
Brian S. Koll ,
Carol A. Sulis  and
Denise M. Cardo
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Elise M. Beltrami
Affiliation:
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Rachanee Cheingsong
Affiliation:
Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Walid M. Heneine
Affiliation:
Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Richard A. Respess
Affiliation:
Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Jean G. Orelien
Affiliation:
Analytical Sciences, Inc., Durham, North Carolina
Meryl H. Mendelson
Affiliation:
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
Mari A. Stewart
Affiliation:
University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
Brian S. Koll
Affiliation:
Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York
Carol A. Sulis
Affiliation:
Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Denise M. Cardo*
Affiliation:
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
*
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Mailstop E-68, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333
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Abstract

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of HIV antiretroviral resistance among source patients for occupational HIV exposures.

Design:

Blood and data (eg, stage of HIV, previous antiretroviral drug therapy, and HIV RNA viral load) were collected from HIV-infected patients who were source patients for occupational exposures.

Setting:

Seven tertiary-care medical centers in five U.S. cities (San Diego, California; Miami, Florida; Boston, Massachusetts; Albany, New York; and New York, New York [three sites]) during 1998 to 1999.

Participants:

Sixty-four HIV-infected patients who were source patients for occupational exposures.

Results:

Virus from 50 patients was sequenced; virus from 14 patients with an undetectable (ie, < 400 RNA copies/mL) viral load could not be sequenced. Overall, 19 (38%) of the 50 patients had primary eenotypic mutations associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase or protease inhibitors. Eighteen of the 19 viruses with primary mutations and 13 wild type viruses were phenotyped by recombinant assays; 19 had phenotypic resistance to at least one antiretroviral agent. Of the 50 source patients studied, 26 had taken antiretroviral agents in the 3 months before the occupational exposure incident. Sixteen (62%) of the 26 drug-treated patients had virus that was phenotypically resistant to at least one drug. Four (17%) of 23 untreated patients had phenotypically resistant virus. No episodes of HIV transmission were observed among the exposed HCWs.

Conclusions:

There was a high prevalence of drug-resistant HIV among source patients for occupational HIV exposures. Healthcare providers should use the drug treatment information of source patients when making decisions about postexposure prophylaxis.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 24 , Issue 10 , October 2003 , pp. 724 - 730
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2003

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