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Nosocomial Human Parovirus B19 Infection: Lack of Transmission From a Chronically Infected Patient to Hospital Staff

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2016

Deloris E. Koziol ,
Gary Kurtzrnan ,
Jamshed Ayub ,
Neal S. Young  and
David K. Henderson
Deloris E. Koziol*
Affiliation:
Hospital Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Gary Kurtzrnan
Affiliation:
Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, and the Cell Biology Section, Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Jamshed Ayub
Affiliation:
Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, and the Cell Biology Section, Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Neal S. Young
Affiliation:
Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, and the Cell Biology Section, Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
David K. Henderson
Affiliation:
Hospital Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
*
Building 10, Room 4A 21, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract

Objective:

To assess the potential for nosocomial spread of parvovirus B19 from a chronically infected patient.

Design:

Employees exposed to the index case and control (unexposed) employees were evaluated by baseline and follow up parvovirus B19 serologies and hematologic assessments, and completed baseline and follow up epidemiologic questionnaires.

Setting:

A chronically infected patient was hospitalized on a hematology ward in a research referral hospital for 3.5 weeks prior to a diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection and the institution of isolation precautions.

Methods:

Sera were screened for parvovirus B19 DNA (dot blot analysis), and IgG and IgM anti-B19 antibodies (capture immunoassay). Hematologic assessment included CBC, differential, and reticulocyte count.

Results:

The index case had parvovirus B19 DNA at approximately lo6 genome copies per ml of serum, elevated IgM and low levels of IgG B19 antibodies. Of the 21 exposed staff, 11 (52%) had IgG B19 antibodies and were immune; of the 8 unexposed staff, 6 (75%) had IgG B19 antibodies. No employees developed IgM B19 antibodies, B19 DNA, hematologic abnormalities, or clinical symptoms.

Conclusions:

In contrast to reports of documented nosocomial transmission of B19 parvovirus from patients in transient aplastic crisis, nosocomial transmission did not occur-even in the absence of isolation precautions-presumably from the lower level of B19 viremia in our chronically infected (rather than acutely infected) patient.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 13 , Issue 6 , June 1992 , pp. 343 - 348
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1992

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