Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T14:36:46.637Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Laws of War and Women's Human Rights

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2020

Liz Philipose
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This is a review of historical developments in international criminal law leading up to the inclusion of rape as a “crime against humanity” in the current war crimes tribunal for the ex-Yugoslavia. In addition to the need to understand the specificity of events and their impact on women, the laws of war must also be understood in their specificity and the ways in which even the humanitarian provisions of those laws privilege military needs.

Type
Research Article
Information
Hypatia , Volume 11 , Issue 4: Special Issue: Women and Violence , Fall 1996 , pp. 46 - 62
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

af Jochnick, Chris, and Normand, Roger. 1994. The legitimation of violence: A critical history of the laws of war. Harvard International Law Journal 35 (1): 49–95.Google Scholar
Bettauer, Ronald. 1982. Human rights and humanitarian law: Commentator. American University Law Review 31: 965–68.Google Scholar
Boutros‐Ghali, Boutros. 1995. A Grotian moment. Fordham International Law Journal 18 (5): 1609–22.Google Scholar
Bunch, Charlotte, and Reilly, Niamh. 1994. Demanding accountability: The global campaign and Vienna Tribunal for women's human rights. Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University: The Centre for Women's Global Leadership.Google Scholar
Copelon, Rhonda. 1994. Surfacing gender: Reconceptualizing crimes against women in times of war. In Mass rape: The war against women in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. See Stiglmayer 1994.Google Scholar
Davidson, Eugene. 1973. The Nuremberg fallacy. New York: MacMillan.Google Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1985. Reflections on war and political discourse: Realism, just war, and feminism in a nuclear age. Political Theory 13 (1): 39–57.10.1177/0090591785013001004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enloe, Cynthia. 1994. Have the Bosnian rapes opened a new era of feminist consciousness? In Mass rape: The war against women in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. See Stiglmayer 1994.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, Joan. 1995. The use of international human rights norms to combat violence against women. In Human rights of women: National and international perspectives, ed. Cook, Rebecca J.Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Fox, Hazel. 1993. An international tribunal for war crimes: Will the UN succeed where Nuremberg failed? The World Today 49 (10): 194–97.Google Scholar
Gordon, Melissa. 1995. Justice on trial: The efficacy of the international criminal tribunal for Rwanda. ILSA: Journal of International and Comparative Law 1 (1): 217–42.Google Scholar
Howard, Michael. 1995. Constraints on warfare. In The laws of war: Constraints on warfare in the Western world, ed. Howard, Michael, Andreopoulos, George J., and Shulman, Mark R.New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Indictment 3 Tadic and Borovnica (amended) 1 September 1995; (amended) 14 December 1995. Case No: IT‐94–1‐T.Google Scholar
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Appeals Chamber. 2 October 1995. The Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic a/k/a “Dule”. Decision on the defence motion for interlocutory appeal on jurisdiction. UN Document IT‐94–1‐AR72.Google Scholar
Jacobson, Harold K. 1990. The United Nations system in the nineties: Opportunities and challenges. International Journal 45 (4): 765–95.10.1177/002070209004500402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, Paul and Andreopoulos, George J. 1995. The laws of war: Some concluding reflections.The laws of war: Constraints on warfare in the western world, ed. Howard, Michael, Andreopoulos, George J., and Shulman, Mark R.New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Khushalani, Yougindra. 1982. Dignity and honour of women as basic and fundamental human rights. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
Lauterpacht, Hersch. 1947. The subjects of the law of nations. The Law Quarterly Review 63 (252): 438–60.Google Scholar
Lister, Frederick. 1990. The role of international organizations in the 1990s and beyond. International Relations 10 (2): 101–16.10.1177/004711789001000201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine. 1994a. Turning rape into pornography: Postmodern genocide. In Mass rape: The war against women in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. See Stiglmayer 1994.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine. 1994b. Rape, genocide, and women's human rights. In Mass rape: The war against women in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. See Stiglmayer 1994.Google Scholar
Meron, Theodor. 1994. War crimes in Yugoslavia and the development of international law. American Journal of International Law 88 (1): 78–87.10.2307/2204023CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Theodor. 1993. Rape as a crime under international humanitarian law. American Journal of International Law 87 (3): 424–28.10.2307/2203650CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montealegre, Henri. 1982. Human rights and humanitarian law: Commentator. American University Law Review 13: 969–73.Google Scholar
O'Brien, James C. 1993. The international tribunal for violations of international humanitarian law in the former Yugoslavia. American Journal of International Law 87 (7): 635–55.10.2307/2203622CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, Kathleen M., and Fletcher, Laurel E. 1994. Time for justice: The case for international prosecutions of rape and gender‐based violence in the former Yugoslavia. Berkeley Women's Law Journal 9: 77–102.Google Scholar
Radin, Max. 1946. International crimes. Iowa Law Review 32 (1): 32–50.Google Scholar
Reisman, W. Michael, and Antoniou, Chris T. 1994. Introduction.The laws of war: A comprehensive collection of primary documents on international laws governing armed conflict, ed. Michael Reisman, W. and Antoniou, Chris T.New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Russett, Bruce and Sutterlin, James. 1991. The U.N. in a new world order. Foreign Affairs 70 (2): 227–35.10.2307/20044710CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schindler, Dietrich. 1982. Human rights and humanitarian law: Interrelationship of the laws. American University Law Review 31: 935–43.Google Scholar
Schwelb, Egon. 1946. Crimes against humanity. The British Yearbook of International Law 23: 178–226.Google Scholar
Stiglmayer, Alexandra ed. 1994. Mass rape: The war against women in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Telford. 1992. The anatomy of the Nuremberg trials: A personal memoir. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Taylor, Telford. 1971. Nuremberg and Vietnam: An American tragedy. New York: Bantam.Google Scholar
United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC). 1948. History of the United Nations War Crimes Commission and the development of the laws of war. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.Google Scholar
United Nations (UN). 1993a. Interim report of the Commission of Experts (UN Doc. S/25274, 2 January). In The laws of war: A comprehensive collection of primary documents on international laws governing armed conflict, ed. Michael Reisman, W. and Antoniou, Chris T.New York: Random House.Google Scholar
United Nations (UN). 1993b. Statute of the International Tribunal (Security Council Resolution 827, 25 May). In The laws of war: A comprehensive collection of primary documents on international laws governing armed conflict, ed. Michael Reisman, W. and Antoniou, Chris T.New York: Random House.Google Scholar
United Nations (UN). 1993c. Report of the Secretary‐General pursuant to Paragraph 2 of the Security Council Resolution 808. UN Doc. S/25704, 3 May, 1–48.Google Scholar