Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T22:51:03.501Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Hearing the Difference: Theorizing Connection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2020

Abstract

Hearing the difference between a patriarchal voice and a relational voice defines a paradigm shift: a change in the conception of the human world. Theorizing connection as primary and fundamental in human life leads to a new psychology, which shifts the grounds for philosophy and political theory. A crucial distinction is made between a feminine ethic of care and a feminist ethic of care. Voice, relationship, resistance, and women become central rather than peripheral in this reframing of the human world.

Type
Symposium on Care and Justice
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Belenky, Mary F., Clinchy, BlytheGoldberger, Nancy, and Tarule, Jill M. 1986. Women's ways of knowing. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bordo, Susan. 1994. Unbearable weight: Feminism, the body and western culture. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Brennan, Teresa. 1993. History after Lacan. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Brown, Lyn Mikel and Carol, Gilligan. 1991. Listening for voices in narratives of relationship. In Narrative and storytelling: Implications for understanding moral development, ed. Tappan, M., and Packer, M.New Directions for Child Development. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass.Google Scholar
Brown, Lyn Mikel and Carol, Gilligan. 1992. Meeting at the crossroads: Women's psychology and girls' development. New York: Ballantine Books.10.4159/harvard.9780674731837CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Debold, Elizabeth. 1994. Toward an understanding of gender differences in psychological distress: A Foucauldian integration of Freud, Gilligan and cognitive development theory. Qualifying Paper, Harvard Graduate School of Education. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Freud, Sigmund and Breuer, Josef. [1895] 1974. Studies on hysteria. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Freud, Sigmund. [1899/1900]. The interpretation of dreams. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1977. In a different voice: Women's conceptions of self and morality. Harvard Educational Review 47:481517.10.17763/haer.47.4.g6167429416hg5l0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1990a. Teaching Shakespeare's sister: Notes from the underground of female adolescence. In Making connections, ed. Gilligan, LyonsHamner, And. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. 1990b. Joining the resistance: Psychology, politics, girls and women. Michigan Quarterly Review 29(4): 501–36.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. n.d.a. The centrality of relationship in human development: A puzzle, some evidence, and a theory. In Development and vulnerability in close relationships, ed. Noam, G., and Fischer, K.New Jersey: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol. n.d.b. Remembering Iphigenia: Voice, resonance, and a talking cure. In The inner world in the outer world, ed. Shapiro, E.New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol, Brown, Lyn Mikel, and Rogers, Annie G. 1990. Psyche embedded: A place for body, relationships, and culture in personality theory. In Studying persons and lives, ed. Rabin, Albertet al. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol, Rogers, Annie G., and Tolman, Deborah eds., 1991. Women, girls and psychotherapy: Reframing resistance. Birmingham, NY: Haworth Press.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Carol, Rogers, Annie G., and Noel, Normi. 1992 Cartography of a lost time: Women, girls and relationships. Paper presented at the Lilly Conference on Youth and Caring, Daytona Beach, Florida, and at the Harvard Conference, Learning From Women, April, 1993.Google Scholar
Gilligan, CarolKreider, Holly, and O'Neill, Kate. n.d. Transforming psychological inquiry: Clarifying and strengthening connections. Psychoanalytic Review. In press.Google Scholar
Jack, Dana Crowley. 1991. Silencing the self: Depression and women. New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Jordan, Judith V., Miller, Jean Baker, Stiver, Irene P., and Surrey, Janet. 1992. Women's growth in connections. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Linklater, Kristin. 1976. Freeing the natural voice. New York: Drama Book Publishers.Google Scholar
Miller, Jean Baker. 1976. Toward a new psychology of women. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Jean Baker. 1991. The development of women's sense of self. In Women's growth in connections, ed. Al, Jordan et. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Jean Baker. 1988. Connections, disconnections and Violations. Wellesley, MA: Stone Center Works in Progress.Google Scholar
Miller, Jean Baker and Stiver, Irene P. 1994. A relational reframing of therapy. Wellesley, MA: Stone Center Works in Progress.Google Scholar
Murray, Lynne and Trevarthen, Colwyn. 1985. Emotional regulation of interactions between two‐month‐olds and their mothers. In Social perception in infants, ed. Field, T., and Fox, N.New Jersey: Ablex.Google Scholar
Noel, Normi. 1995. Personal communication.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha C. 1986. The fragility of goodness. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Relke, Diana M. 1993. Foremothers who cared: Paula Heimann, Margaret Little and the female tradition in psychoanalysis. Feminism and Psychology 3(1): 89109.10.1177/0959353593031006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, Annie. 1993. Voice, play and a practice of ordinary courage in girls' and women's lives. Harvard Educational Review. 63(3): 265–95.10.17763/haer.63.3.9141184q0j872407CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, Annie G. 1995. Exiled voices: Dissociation and repression in women's narratives of trauma. Wellesley, MA . Stone Center Works in Progress.Google Scholar
Stern, Daniel. 1985. The interpersonal world of the infant. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Stem, Lori. 1991. Disavowing the self in female adolescence. In Women, girls and psychotherapy: Reframing resistance, ed. Gilligan, Carolet al. Birmingham, NY: Haworth Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Jill McLeanGilligan, Carol, and Sullivan, Amy eds., n.d. Holding difference, sustaining hope: Women and girls, race and relationship. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. In press.Google Scholar
Tronick, Edward Z. 1989. Emotions and emotional communication in infants. American Psychologist 44(2): 112–19.10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.112CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed