Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:13:08.334Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Gender and Trust in Science

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2020

Kristina Rolin
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

It is now recognized that relations of trust play an epistemic role in science. The contested issue is under what conditions trust in scientific testimony is warranted. I argue that John Hardwig's view of trustworthy scientific testimony is inadequate because it does not take into account the possibility that credibility does not reliably reflect trustworthiness, and because it does not appreciate the role communities have in guaranteeing the trustworthiness of scientific testimony.

Type
Research Article
Information
Hypatia , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , Fall 2002 , pp. 95 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Academy of Finland. 1999. Women in academia. Helsinki: Edita.Google Scholar
Addelson, Kathryn Pyne. 1983. The man of professional wisdom. In Discovering reality: Feminist perspectives on epistemology, metaphysics, methodology, and philosophy of science, ed. Sandra, Harding, and Hintikka, Merrill. Dordrecht, Boston, and London: D. Reidel Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Adler, Jonathan. 1994. Testimony, trust, knowing. Journal of Philosophy 91(5): 264–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. 1995a. Feminist epistemology: An interpretation and a defense. Hypatia 10(3): 50–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. 1995b. The democratic university: The role of justice in the production of knowledge. Social Philosophy and Policy 12(2): 186–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benokraitis, Nijole V. 1998. Working in the ivory basement: Subtle sex discrimination in higher education. In Career strategies for women in academe: Arming Athena, ed. Collins, Lynn H., Chrisler, Joan C., and Quina, Kathryn. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London Delhi: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Caplan, Paula. 1994. Lifting a ton of feathers: A woman's guide to surviving in the academic world. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Chrisler, Joan C. 1998. Teacher versus scholar: Role conflict for women? In Career strategies for women in academe: Arming Athena, ed. Collins, Lynn H., Chrisler, Joan C., and Quina, Kathryn. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London Delhi: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Coady, C. A. J. 1992. Testimony: A philosophical study. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Code, Lorraine. 1991. What can she know? Feminist theory and the construction of knowledge. Ithaca, London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Cole, Jonathan R. 1979. Fair science. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Cole, Jonathan R., and Cole, Stephen. 1973. Social stratification in science. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cole, Stephen. 1995. Making science: Between nature and society. Cambridge, London: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Committee on Women Faculty in the School of Science at MIT. 1999. A study of the status of women faculty in science at MIT. The MIT Faculty Newsletter 11(4): 1–17.Google Scholar
Connell, R. W. 1985. Theorizing gender. Sociology 19(2): 260–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daston, Lorraine. 1995. The moral economy of science. Osiris 10: 3–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferber, Marianne A. 1986. Citations: Are they an objective measure of scholarly merit? Signs 11(2): 381–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferber, Marianne A. 1988. Citations and networking. Gender & Society 2(1): 82–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fricker, Elizabeth. 1995. Telling and trusting: Reductionism and anti‐reductionism in the epistemology of testimony. Mind 104(414): 393–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fricker, Miranda. 1998. Rational authority and social power: Towards a truly social epistemology. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 98(1): 156–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, Alvin I. 1999. Knowledge in a social world. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardwig, John. 1985. Epistemic dependence. Journal of Philosophy 82(7): 335–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardwig, John. 1988. Evidence, testimony, and the problem of individualism—a response to Schmitt. Social Epistemology 2(4): 309–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardwig, John. 1991. The role of trust in knowledge. Journal of Philosophy 88(12): 693–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, David L. 1997. What's wrong with invisible‐hand explanations? Philosophy of Science 64(Supplement): S117–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Husu, Liisa. 2001. Sexism, support and survival in academia: Academic women and hidden discrimination in Finland. Ph.D. diss., Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki.Google Scholar
Julian, Maureen M. 1990. Women in crystallography. In Women of science: Righting the record, ed. Kass‐Simon, G. and Fames, Patricia. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Katila, Saija, and Meriläinen, Susan. 1999. A serious researcher or just another nice girl? Doing gender in a male‐dominated scientific community. Gender, Work and Organization 6(3): 163–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitcher, Philip. 1990. The division of cognitive labor. Journal of Philosophy 87(1): 5–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitcher, Philip. 1992. Authority, deference, and the role of individual reasoning in science. In The social dimensions of science, ed. McMullin, Ernan. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Kitcher, Philip. 1993. The advancement of science: Science without legend, objectivity without illusions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kvanvig, Jonathan L. 1992. The intellectual virtues and the life of the mind: On the place of the virtues in contemporary epistemology. Lanham, Md., London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno, and Woolgar, Steve. 1986. Laboratory life: The social construction of scientific facts. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Long, J. Scott. 1992. Measures of sex differences in scientific productivity. Social Forces 71(1): 159–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longino, Helen E. 1990. Science as social knowledge: Values and objectivity in scientific inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Longino, Helen E. 1992. Essential tensions‐phase two: Feminist, philosophical, and social studies of science. In The social dimensions of science, ed. McMullin, Ernan. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Longino, Helen E. 1993. Subjects, power, and knowledge: Description and prescription in feminist philosophies of science. In Feminist epistemologies, ed. Linda, Alcoff, and Potter, Elizabeth. New York, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Longino, Helen E. 1994. The fate of knowledge in social theories of science. In Socializing epistemology: The social dimensions of knowledge, ed. Schmitt, Frederick F.Lanham, Md., London: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Morell, Virginia. 1992. Speaking out. Science 255(March 13): 1369.Google Scholar
Moulton, Janice. 1983. A paradigm of philosophy: The adversary method. In Discovering reality: Feminist perspectives on epistemology, metaphysics, methodology, and philosophy of science, ed. Sandra, Harding, and Hintikka, Merrill. Dordrecht, Boston, London: D. Reidel Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Nye, Robert A. 1997. Medicine and science as masculine “fields of honor.” Osiris 12(1): 60–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pattatucci, Ángela M. 1998. Women in science: Meeting career challenges. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Rolin, Kristina. 1999. Can gender ideologies influence the practice of the physical sciences? Perspectives on Science 7(4): 510–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossiter, Margaret W. 1982. Women scientists in America: Struggles and strategies to 1940. Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Rossiter, Margaret W. 1993. The Matilda effect in science. Social Studies of Science 23(2): 325–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossiter, Margaret W. 1995. Women scientists in America: Before affirmative action, 1940–1972. Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Scheman, Naomi. 1993. Engenderings: Constructions of knowledge, authority, and privilege. New York, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Schiebinger, Londa. 1989. The mind has no sex? Women in the origins of modern science. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Frederick F. 1988a. On the road to social epistemic interdependence. Social Epistemology 2(4): 297–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, Frederick F. 1988b. Testimony and evidence: A rebuttal. Social Epistemology 2(4): 323–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapin, Steven. 1994. A social history of truth: Civility and science in seventeenth‐century England. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, Miriam. 1992. Scientific rationality and human reasoning. Philosophy of Science 59(3): 439–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, Miriam. 1994. Social empiricism. Noûs 28(3): 325–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonnert, Gerhard, with the assistance of Gerald Holton. 1995. Gender differences in science careers: The Project Access study. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Traweek, Sharon. 1988. Beamtimes and lifetimes: The world of high‐energy physics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Valian, Virginia. 1999. Why so slow? The advancement of women. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Webb, Mark Owen. 1993. Why I know about as much as you: A reply to Hardwig. Journal of Philosophy 90(5): 260–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wennerås, Christine, and Wold, Agnes. 1997. Nepotism and sexism in peer‐review. Nature 387(May 22): 341–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
West, Candace, and Zimmerman, Don H. 1987. Doing gender. Gender & Society 1(2): 125–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, K. Brad. 2001. Evaluating scientists. Paper presented at the conference, Value Free Science: An Ideal or Illusion? 23–25 February at the University of Alabama, Birmingham.Google Scholar
Zagzebski, Linda T. 1996. Virtues of the mind: An inquiry into the nature of virtue and the ethical foundations of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, Harriet, and Cole, Jonathan R. 1991. Interview with Andrea Dupree. In The outer circle: Women in the scientific community, ed. Zuckerman, Harriet, Cole, Jonathan R., and Bruer, John T.New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar