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A Maverick in the Field: The Oram Group and Fundraising in the Black College Community during the 1970s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2017

Marybeth Gasman  and
Noah D. Drezner
Marybeth Gasman
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Education at the University of Pennsylvania
Noah D. Drezner
Affiliation:
University of Maryland
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Extract

The Oram firm was really a different animal. We cherished a strong anticorporate corporate culture, we were cause-driven, and we served liberal and left-wing counter-cultural organizations.

Since its founding in 1939, the Oram Group has been a maverick in the field of fundraising, lending its expertise to the areas of education, welfare, social action, civil rights, the arts, and the environment. Beginning with the organization's founder, Harold Oram, continuing to the current president and chief executive officer Henry Goldstein, Oram staff members have had an interest in supporting progressive (i.e., social justice-oriented) causes. Influenced by Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies and Lyndon B. Johnson's vision of a Great Society, the Oram Group staff has been steadfast in its dedication, with founder Harold Oram referring to the organization's work as “saving the world.” This approach was different from that of earlier fundraising organizations, such as Marts and Lundy or John Price Jones—firms that worked, by and large, with elite white institutions and with black colleges under the direction of white philanthropists. For example, according to Robert L . Payton, for Arnaud C. Marts [and his colleagues at Marts and Lundy],

Philanthropy [was] closely linked to the free market economy, local government, and individual responsibility. The emerging civil rights movement, the decay of the inner cities, environmental pollution, and the radical challenges to authority were not yet part of Mart's [sic] consciousness nor of the general public's. Freedom and patriotism were the dominant slogans rather than equality and justice.

Type
Articles
Information
History of Education Quarterly , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , November 2009 , pp. 465 - 506
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 by the History of Education Society 

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References

Notes

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20 This paper uses historical methods. We seek to gain an understanding of the past and to explain change over time. A key part of this approach is the examination of primary sources from the period in question (post-1954). Such sources in this case include the Oram Group's archival papers (housed at the Payton Philanthropic Studies Library at Indiana University-Purdue University) and archival papers in the individual colleges with which the Oram Group worked over the past 40 years (including Meharry Medical College, Miles College, Fisk University, LeMoyne-Owen College, Howard University, Morehouse College, Clark Atlanta University, among others). We have buttressed the information gathered from these archival papers with oral history interviews conducted with Oram staff members and black college presidents. Oral history records the voices of those directly involved with the phenomena being studied, documenting human experiences and distilling larger ideas and trends. The underlying idea here is the concept of agency—“the assumed ability of individuals to shape die conditions of their lives.” Gall, Meredith D. Borg, Walter R. and Gall, Joyce P. Educational Research: An Introduction (New York: Longman, 1996), 610.Google Scholar

21 Gasman, Marybeth “Rhetoric vs. Reality: The Fundraising Messages of the United Negro College Fund in the Immediate Aftermath of the Brown Decision,” History of Education Quarterly 44, no. 1 (2004): 70–94.Google Scholar

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23 Gasman, Marybeth and Anderson-Thompkins, Sibby, Fund Raising from Black College Alumni: Successful Strategies for Supporting Alma Mater (Washington, DC: CASE Books, 2003). It should be noted that there is a growing body of research on fundraising in communities of color [see Janice Gow Pettey's Cultivating Diversity in Fundraising (San Francisco: Wiley & Sons, 2002); Smith, Bradford Sylvia Shue, Jennifer Lisa Vest, and Joseph Villarreal, Philanthropy in Communities of Color (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999); Carson, Emmett Black Philanthropic Activity Past and Present: A 200 year Tradition Continues (Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political Studies, 1987); Carson, Emmett Pulling Yourself Up by Your Bootstraps: The Evolution of Black Philanthropic Activity (Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political Studies, 1987); Carson, Emmett Black Volunteers as Givers and Fundraisers (New York: Center for the Study of Philanthropy, City University of New York, 1990)]. However, this research does not take into account fundraising at Black colleges.Google Scholar

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27 Ibid.Google Scholar

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29 Goldstein, Henry Oral History Interview, IUPUI Archives, 23. Droit de seigneur is a term often used to describe the purported legal right of the lord of an estate to deflower its virgins.Google Scholar

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40 The Ford Foundation was never in full support of the United Negro College Fund and, in fact, refused in 1944 to provide seed money when asked by Patterson, Frederick D. and Rockefeller, John D. Jr. See Mays, Benjamin E. interview by Marcia Goodson, transcript, May 1987, and Kimball, Lindsley interview by Marcia Goodson, transcript, March 1981, United Negro College Fund Oral History Collection, Columbia University Oral History Collection. It is interesting to note that in the transcriptions of both Benjamin E. Mays's and Lindsley Kimball's interviews, their comments about the Ford Foundation are blacked out. Marcia Goodson let each of the UNCF leaders read the transcriptions and decide what they wanted to keep and what they wanted to delete. The transcriptions were completed on a typewriter and thus from time to time there are blacked-out areas. For more details, see Gasman, Envisioning Black Colleges.Google Scholar

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85 Ibid., 50; This misconception of the needs of black colleges is common among many alumni still today. See Gasman and Anderson-Thompkins, Fund Raising from Black College Alumni.Google Scholar

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171 Dillard University Study of Fund-Raising Feasibility, January 15, 1979, IUPUI Archives, 20. Emphasis is in original document.Google Scholar

172 Stephens, Charles Interview with author, April 7, 2008.Google Scholar

173 Dillard University Study of Fund-Raising Feasibility, January 15, 1979, IUPUI Archives, 27.Google Scholar

174 Ibid.Google Scholar

175 Ibid., 33.Google Scholar

176 Gasman, Marybeth “Truth, Generalizations, and Stigmas: An Analysis of the Media's Coverage of Morris Brown College and Black Colleges Overall,” Review of Black Political Economy 34, no. 2 (2007): 111–47.Google Scholar

177 Jencks, Christopher and Riesman, David, “The American Negro College,” Harvard Educational Review 37, no. 2 (1967): 3–60 and Gasman, Marybeth “Salvaging ‘Academic Disaster Areas': The Black College Response to Christopher Jencks’ and David Riesman's 1967 Harvard Educational Review Article,” Journal of Higher Education 77, no. 2 (2006): 317–352.Google Scholar

178 Gasman, “Salvaging ‘Academic Disaster Areas.'”Google Scholar

179 Dillard University Study of Fund-Raising Feasibility, January 15, 1979, IUPUI Archives.Google Scholar

180 Ibid., 44.Google Scholar

181 Goldstein, Henry interview with authors, April 2, 2006, Atlanta, GA. Interview and transcript in possession of authors.Google Scholar

182 president Samuel Dubois Cook, “The Church's Ministry in Higher Education,” papers and responses presented to a conference at Duke Divinity School, January 27–29, 1978, published by the United Ministries in Higher Education, New York, 158. See also, Dillard University Study of Fund-Raising Feasibility, January 15, 1979, IUPUI Archives, 44.Google Scholar

183 Dillard University Study of Fund-Raising Feasibility, January 15, 1979, IUPUI Archives, 75.Google Scholar

184 United Negro College Fund Guide to the Archives (Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilm International, 1989).Google Scholar

185 Tougaloo College Study of Fund-Raising Feasibility, March 13, 1971, IUPUI Archives, 17.Google Scholar

186 Gasman and Sedgwick, eds., Uplifting a People. Google Scholar

187 Cutlip, Fundraising in the United States; Gasman, “Racial Stereotyping in Fundraising for Historically Black Colleges.”Google Scholar