Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T14:32:23.333Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Income, Welfare and the Industrial Revolution in Britain*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Julian Hoppit
Julian Hoppit
Affiliation:
University College, London
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Review Articles
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 31 , Issue 3 , September 1988 , pp. 721 - 731
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Checkland, S. G., ‘Growth and progress: the nineteenth century view in Britain’, Economic History Review, XII (1959–1960), 49–62Google Scholar; Cazamian, L., The social novel in England, 1830–1850 (London, 1973)Google Scholar.

2 Coleman, D. C., History and the economic past (Oxford, 1987), ch. 5Google Scholar; Clarke, P., Liberals and social democrats (Cambridge, 1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Cannadine, D. N., ‘The present and the past in the English industrial revolution 1880–1980’, Past and Present, CIII (1984), 131–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 Deane, P. & Cole, W. A., British economic growth 1688–1959 (Cambridge, 1962)Google Scholar.

4 Crafts, N. F. R., British economic growth during the industrial revolution (Oxford, 1985), p. 90Google Scholar.

5 Most obviously in the literature on so-called proto-industrialization. For a recent summary of this see Clarkson, L. A., Proto-industrialization: the first phase of industrialization? (London, 1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 Schofield, R. S. & Wrigley, E. A., The population historyof England 1541–1871 (London, 1981)Google Scholar; Wrigley, E. A., Industrial growth and population change; a regional study of the coalfield areas of north-west Europe in the later nineteenth century (Cambridge, 1962)Google Scholar.

7 For example, it has been central to the recent ‘Brenner debate’. See Aston, T. H. (ed.), The Brenner debate: agrarian class structure and economic development in pre-industrial Europe (Cambridge, 1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

8 Wrigley, People, cities and wealth, ch. 7.

9 de Vries, J., European urbanization 1500–1800 (London, 1984)Google Scholar.

10 Chalklin, C. W., The provincial towns of Georgian England (London, 1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

11 Wrigley, , People, cities and wealth p. 12Google Scholar.

12 The extent of this is in question. See John, A. H., ‘Agricultural productivity and economic growth in England 1700–60’ Journal of Economic History, xxv (1965), 19–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Ippolito, R., ‘The effect of the “agricultural depression” on industrial demand in England, 1730–50’, Economica, XLII (1975). 298–312CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13 Wrigley, , People, cities and wealth, p. 22Google Scholar.

14 Ibid. pp. 36–43.

15 Church's general discussion of the role of coal is in The history of the British coal industry, ch. 9.

16 Wrigley, , People, cities and wealth, p. 13Google Scholar.

17 The first major interpretation based on Wrigley and Schofield's data is by Levine, D., Reproducing families: the political economy of English population history (Cambridge, 1987)Google Scholar.

18 Wrigley, , People, cities and wealth, p. 4Google Scholar.

19 Church, , The history of the British coal industry, p. 1Google Scholar.

20 For a good summary see Taylor, A. J., ‘Editor's introduction’, in Taylor, A. J. (ed.), The standard of living in Britain in the industrial revolution (London, 1975), xi–lvGoogle Scholar.

21 Lindert, P. H. & Williamson, J. G., ‘English workers' living standards during the industrial revolution: a new look’, Economic History Review, XXXVI (1983), 1–25Google Scholar; Williamson, J. G., Did British capitalism breed inequality? (London, 1985)Google Scholar.

22 Most polemically von Hayek, F. A. (ed), Capitalism and the historian (London, 1954)Google Scholar and Thompson, E. P., The making of the English working class (Harmondsworth, 1968)Google Scholar.

23 Landes, D. S., ‘Referat’, in Büsch, O., Fischer, W. & Herzfeld, H. (eds.), Industrialisierung und “europäische wirtschaft” im 19 Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1976), p. 66Google Scholar.

24 Sen, A., ‘The standard of living: lecture I, concepts and critiques’, in Hawthorn, G. (ed.), The standard of living (Cambridge, 1987), p. 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

25 Ibid. p. 3.

26 Joyce, , The historical meanings of work, p. 1Google Scholar.

27 Something Joyce acknowledges on p. 14.

28 Ibid. p. 3.

29 Ibid. p. 3.

30 Wrightson, K. & Levine, D., Poverty and piety in an English village: Terling, 1525–1700 (New York, 1979)Google Scholar; Spufford, M., Contrasting communities (Cambridge, 1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Skipp, V. H. T., Crisis and development: an ecological case study of the forest of Arden 1570–1674 (Cambridge, 1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

31 Anderson, M., Family structure in nineteenth century Lancashire (Cambridge, 1971)Google Scholar. Also Chambers, J. D., The Vale of Trent, 1670–1800 (London, 1957)Google Scholar and Edwards, M. M. & Jones, R. Lloyd, ‘N. J. Smelser and the cotton factory family: a reassessment’, in Harte, N. B. & Ponting, K. G. (eds.), Textile history and economic history (Manchester, 1973), 304–19Google Scholar.

32 Thompson, , Making of the working class, pp. 233–5Google Scholar.

33 Hunt, E. H., Regional wage variations in Britain, 1850–1914(Oxford, 1973)Google Scholar and ‘Industrialization and regional inequality: wages in Britain, 1760–1914’, Journal of Economic History, XLVI (1986), 935–66Google Scholar.

34 Jackson, R. V., ‘The structure of pay in nineteenth-century Britain’, Economic History Review, XL (1987), 561–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

35 For a recent general discussion see Wrightson, K., English society 1580–1680 (London, 1982)Google Scholar.

36 Berg, M., ‘Women's work, mechanisation and the early phases of industrialisation in England’ in Joyce, , The historical meanings of work, pp. 64–98Google Scholar.

37 Ibid. p. 89.

38 Some possibilities have been sketched out in Snell's, K. D. M.Annals of the labouring poor (Cambridge, 1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

39 Hudson, , The genesis of industrial capital, p. 81Google Scholar.

40 Ibid. p. 84.

41 McClelland, K., ‘Time to work, time to live: some aspects of work and the re-formation of class in Britain, 1850–1880’, in Joyce, , The historical meanings of work, p. 189Google Scholar.

42 R. Whipp, ‘“A time to every purpose”, an essay on time and work’, in ibid. pp. 210–36.

43 Thompson, E. P., Whigs and hunters: the origins of the Black Act (Harmondsworth, 1977)Google Scholar; , J. L. & Hammond, B., The village labourer (London, 1911)Google Scholar.

44 Emsley, , Crime and society in England, p. 104Google Scholar.

45 Ibid. p. 107.

46 Ibid. p. 118.

47 Kula, , Measures and men, p. 3Google Scholar.

48 Ibid., part three.

49 Whipp and McClelland in Joyce, The historical meanings of work.

50 T. S. Ashton, ‘The standard of life of the workers in England, 1790–1830’, reprinted in Taylor (ed.), The standard of living in Britain, p. 52.

51 Gourvish, T. R., ‘The cost of living in Glasgow in the early nineteenth century’, Economic History Review XXV (1972), 65–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Barnsby, G. J., ‘The standard of living in the Black Country during the nineteenth century’, Economic History Review, XXIV (1971), 220–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Neale, R. S., ‘The standard of living, 1780–1844: a regional and class study’, Economic History Review XIX (1966), 590–606CrossRefGoogle Scholar.