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The Tory Party, Jacobitism and the 'Forty-Five: A Note

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Ian R. Christie
Ian R. Christie
Affiliation:
University College, London
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Type
Communications
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , December 1987 , pp. 921 - 931
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

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References

1 Sedgwick, Romney, The history of parliament. The house of commons, 1715–1754 (2 vols., London, 1970), especially 1, 62–78Google Scholar.

2 Cruickshanks, Eveline, Political untouchables. The tones and the '45 (London, 1979), pp. 6, 9–13Google Scholar.

3 Colley, Linda J., In defiance of oligarchy. The tory party, 1714–60 (Cambridge, 1982), pp. 33–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 41.

4 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp. 18–22Google Scholar; Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 440–2Google Scholar, 584–5, II, 422–3, 542–5. On Cotton, see also the details in Houblon, Lady Alice Archer, The Houblon family. Its story and times (2 vols., London, 1907), II, 34–9Google Scholar, 51–5.

5 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p. 38Google Scholar. On Abdy see also Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 405Google Scholar.

6 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp. 41–3Google Scholar; and on these M.P.s see Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 482–3Google Scholar, 529; II, 81, 401–2, 409, 425.

7 Colley, , In defiance of oligarchy, n. 4, pp. 309–10Google Scholar.

8 Ibid. pp. 36–7.

9 Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 401.Google Scholar

10 Ibid. p. 402.

11 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p. 47Google Scholar.

12 Colley, , In defiance of oligarchy, pp. 34Google Scholar, 40.

13 See p. 927 below.

14 Colley, , In defiance of oligarchy, p. 40Google Scholar.

15 Ibid. pp. 40–1.

16 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp.139–47Google Scholar. However, the presence of a strong Jacobite minority in the corporation is probable. Many years later, Jeremy Bentham, reporting family lore, told his biographer, Sir John Bowring, that ‘multitudes of the citizens of London were friendly to the Stuarts, [and] even in the corporation there were aldermen waiting to bring about the restoration of the exiled family, whenever a fit occasion could be found’ The Works of Jeremy Bentham, ed SirBownng, John (II vols, Edinburgh, 1838–1843), x, 2Google Scholar In the other mam district of the metropolis, Westminster, according to an estimate of 1749, out of 7,000 electors likely to vote in an election, ‘the Jacobites and those who will follow them’ numbered ‘less, considerably, than 1,000’ (Royal Historical Society, Camden 4th series, vol 7, Camden Miscellany XXIII, p 145)Google Scholar This suggests a minority of about one tenth of the electorate

17 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p 40Google Scholar

18 Ibid pp 29, 60, 66, 82, 85, 102, 108, 112, Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 121–2Google Scholar

19 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p 40Google Scholar, Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 77Google Scholar, II, 62, 459

20 Ibid II, 459

21 Ibid I, 424, Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p 133Google Scholar

22 Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 77Google Scholar, 606

23 Swymmer did not sit in the parliament of 1741–7 and is not included in this total

24 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp 14–15Google Scholar, 73–5, 77, 81, Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 431Google Scholar

25 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp. 77–8Google Scholar, 95–6.

26 Ibid. pp. 29, 30, 34, 39; Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 14–17Google Scholar.

27 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p. 82Google Scholar; Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 618Google Scholar.

28 Ibid. II, 152; Houblon, Lady, The Houblon family, II, 50–2Google Scholar, 57; Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp. 126Google Scholar, 129.

29 Thomas, P. D. G., ‘Jacobitism in Wales’, Welsh History Review, I (1962), 289–94Google Scholar, 299. On Philipps see also Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp. 32Google Scholar, 53, 59, 61, 72, 84, 99, and Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 344Google Scholar, on Bulkeley, ibid. I, 505, and on Richard Williams, ibid, II, 542.

30 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp. 125–126Google Scholar.

31 Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 208Google Scholar; Evelyn, , Newton, Lady, The house of Lyme (London, 1917), pp. 386–7Google Scholar; McLynn, F. L., The Jacobite army in England, 1745: The final campaign (Edinburgh, 1983), p. 105Google Scholar.

32 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp. 29, 76Google Scholar.

33 Camden Miscellany XXIII, pp. 124–73.

34 Ibid. p. 142; Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p. 130Google Scholar; McLynn, , The Jacobite army in England, p. 77Google Scholar. Townley later paid for his treason on the scaffold.

35 Camden Miscellany XXIII, p 143

36 Ibid pp 149–50, 157, Sedgwick, Commons, I, 605, II, 293, 394

37 Robson, R J, The Oxfordshire election of 1754 (Oxford, 1949), p 2Google Scholar, and see the discussion of the point in Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp 84–5Google Scholar

38 For instance by SirNewdigate, Roger and Cooke, George (Colley, In defiance of oligarchy,pp 39–40)Google Scholar

39 Jenkins, Philip, The making of a ruling class The Glamorgan gentry, 1640–1790 (Cambridge, 1983), pp 173–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar

40 Ibid. p. 174.

41 Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 459Google Scholar; Robson, , The Oxfordshire election of 1754, p. 2Google Scholar.

42 Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p. 126Google Scholar.

43 Ibid. pp. 32, 85.

44 Cruickshanks, Eveline, ‘Lord Cornbury, Bolingbroke, and a plan to restore the Stuarts, 1731–35’, Royal Stuart Papers, XXVII (Huntingdon, 1986)Google Scholar.

45 Thomas, , ‘Jacobitisim in Wales’, pp. 284–5Google Scholar; Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 371–2Google Scholar; SirNamier, Lewis and Brooke, John, The history of parliament. The house of commons, 1754–1790 (3 vols., 1964), III, 337Google Scholar.

46 Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 64–5Google Scholar; Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, p. 91Google Scholar.

47 Ibid. p. 107.

48 Ibid.; McLynn, , The Jacobite army in England, p. 144Google Scholar.

49 Sedgwick, , Commons, II, 494Google Scholar. The indication that George II had a degree of informed knowledge as to who among the tory politicians were, and who were not, dependable loyal subjects is of some interest.

50 Ibid. I, 574.

51 Ibid. I, 457–8, and I, 545 (under Chester).

52 Ibid. I, 272; II, 246.

53 Ibid. II, 101.

54 Ibid. II, 447.

55 Ibid. II, 99.

56 Ibid. I, 540, 545, 550–1; II, 272.

57 The History of parliament figure for tories returned at the general election of 1741 is 136, but this total does not include one or two returns on petition, for example, Gray and Savill at Colchester (Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 70–1, 241–2)Google Scholar.

58 These approximate proportions take into account the fact that the number of seats held was slightly less than the total number of individuals discussed.

59 Sedgwick, , Commons, I, 478–9, 510Google Scholar; II, 28–9, 362.

60 See especially Cruickshanks, , Political untouchables, pp. 17, 32, 38, 42, 66, 71, 77, 82, 88, 94, 98Google Scholar.

61 For Walpole's genuine fears on this score see ibid. p. 32.