Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 March 2016
‘Seeing’ affects the light-curve of a stellar occultation by the Moon in two ways: the diffraction pattern on the ground is smeared out by atmospheric turbulence, and the pattern also suffers random displacements. These effects are analogous to the familiar image blur and image motion, respectively. However, there is a major difference between ordinary astronomical seeing and the effect on the lunar diffraction pattern: the former is the seeing looking up at the sky from the bottom of the atmosphere, but the latter corresponds to the seeing looking down through the atmosphere at the surface of the Earth.
This downward-looking seeing is of concern to people engaged in aerial photography and satellite reconnaissance, and has been studied theoretically from this point of view. It also enters into the theory of stellar scintillation, because the seeing blurs out the scintillation shadow pattern just as it blurs out the occultation diffraction pattern.