Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T17:49:47.979Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The High Energy Frontier

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2016

Carlo Rubbia*
Affiliation:
CERN

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This is a review of the present status of particle physics and the main scientific goals in our work at the “High Energy Frontier” with specific emphasis on connections to Cosmology. Based on an extraordinarily successful Standard Model, our field is exploring the fundamental questions such as the nature of mass and the unification scheme which only a few decades ago seemed to belong mostly to the realm of dreams. Neutrino masses and oscillations, the key to CP-violation and proton decay are actively searched for at accelerators and underground experiments.

Type
I. Invited Discourses
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1995

References

[1] Abe, F. et al., “Evidence for Top Quark Production in pp Collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 225.Google Scholar
[2] Hasert, F.J. et al., Phys. Lett. 46 B 121 (1973);CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasert, F.J. et al., Phys. Lett. 46 B 138 (1973);CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenutti, A. et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1084 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3] Arnison, G. et al., Phys. Lett. 122 B, 103 (1983);Google Scholar
Banner, M. et al, Phys. Lett. 122 B. 476 (1983).Google Scholar
[4] Arnison, G. et al., Phys. Lett. 126 B, 398 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5] Arnaldi, U. DeBoer, W. and Fürstenau, H., Phys. Lett. 260 B. 447 (1991);Google Scholar
Anselmo, F. Ciafarelli, L. Peterman, A. and Zichichi, A., Nuovo Cimento 104 A, 1817 (1991).Google Scholar
[6] Burkhardt, H. Jegerlehner, F. Penso, G. and Verzegnassi, G., in #x201C;Polarization at LEP”, CERN 88/06;Google Scholar
Novikov, V.A. Okun, L.B. and Vysotsky, M.I., “On the Effective Electric Charge in the Electroweak Theory”, CERN TH 7071/93.Google Scholar
[7] Joint Publication of the four LEP Collaborations, Phys. Lett. 276 B. 247(1992);Google Scholar
Quast, G., Proc. EPS Conf., Marseille, 1993.Google Scholar
[8] Beyer, R., “Neutrino-Electron Scattering: CHARM II Results”, Proc. EPS Conf., Marseille, 1993;Google Scholar
Rádel, G. and Beyer, R., CERN PPE 93/65, submitted to Mod. Phys. Lett. A.Google Scholar
[9] Catani, S., “QCD and Jets”, Proc. EPS Conf., Marseille, 1993.Google Scholar
[10] Bufkulic, D. et al. The ALEPH Collaboration, CERN PPE 93/41.Google Scholar
[11] Treille, D., “The LEP 200 Programme”, CERN PPE 93/54, to be published in “Precision Tests of the Standard Electroweak Model”, World Scientific, 1993, ed. Langacker, P..Google Scholar
[12] L3 Collaboration, “Results from the L3 Experiment at LEP”, Phys. Rep. Vol. 226, number 1 & 2, Dec. 1993.Google Scholar
[13] Ellis, J., “Known and Unknown Matter”, Proc. EPS 9, Trends in Physics, Firenze, Sept. 14-17, 1993;Google Scholar
Rees, M.J., “The Emergence of Structure in the universe”, Proc. EPS 9, Trends in Physics, Firenze, Sept. 14-17, 1993.Google Scholar
[14] Eötvös, R.V., Pekar, D. Fekete, F., Ann. Physik 68 (1922) 11;Google Scholar
Renner, J., Mat. Term. Ert. 53 (1935) 542 Google Scholar
Roll, P.G., Krotkov, R., Dicke, R.H., Ann. Phys. 26 (1964) 442;Google Scholar
Braginsky, V.B. Panov, V.l., Sov. Phys. JETP 34 (1972) 463.Google Scholar
[15] See for instance de Boer, W., “Grand Unified Theories and Supersymmetry in Particle Physics and Cosmology”, IEKP-KA/94-01, hep-ph/9402266, March 1994, to be published in Prog, in Part, and Nucl. Phys., and references therein.Google Scholar
[16] Arnaldi, U. et al, Phys. Rev. D 36 (1987) 1385;Google Scholar
Arnaldi, U. de Boer, W. and Fürstenau, H., Phys. Lett. B 260 (1991) 447.Google Scholar
[17] Nath, P., Arnowitt, R., and Chamseddine, A.H., Phys. Rev. 32 D, 2348 (1985);Google Scholar
Hisano, J. Murayama, H. and Yanagida, T., Nucl. Phys. B 402,46 (1993).Google Scholar
[18] Amowitt, R. and Nath, P., Phys. Rev. D 49,1479 (1994).Google Scholar
[19] Hirata, K.S. et al., The Kamiokande Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B 280 (1992) 146152.Google Scholar
[20] Mann, W.A., Kafka, T. and Leeson, W., Phys. Lett. B 291 (1992) 200.Google Scholar
[21] Thron, J.L. et al, Soudan II Collaboration, Nucl. Inst. and Meth. 283 (1989) 642.Google Scholar
[22] Takita, M., Proc. Int. Symp. on Neut. Astr., Takayama, Japan, (1992);Google Scholar
Totsuka, Y., “Superkamiokande”, ICRR-Report-227-90-20, Proc. Int. Symp. on Underground Phys. Exp, Science Council of Japan, April, 1990;Google Scholar
Nakamura, K., ICRR-Report-309-94-4, Proc. 3rd NESTOR Int. Workshop, Pylos, Greece, Oct. 1993.Google Scholar
[23] The ICARUS Collaboration, “ICARUS II, a Second-Generation Proton Decay Experiment and Neutrino Observatory at the Gran Sasso Laboratory, LNGS-94/99-I & 99-11, May 1994.Google Scholar
[24] Benetti, P. et al., “Performance of a three-ton Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber”, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.Google Scholar
[25] Bludman, S. et al, Phys. Rev. D 45,1810 (1992);Google Scholar
Langacker, P.G. and Luo, M.X., Phys. Rev. D 44, 817 (1991).Google Scholar
[26] The GALLEX Collaboration, announcement at Gran Sasso, Friday 18th of November 1994.Google Scholar
[27] Wolfenstein, L., Phys. Rev. D 17 (1978) 2369, D20 (1979) 2634;Google Scholar
Mikheyev, S.P. and Smirnov, A.Yu., Yad. Fiz. 42 (1985) 1441;Nuovo Cim. 9C (1986)17;Google Scholar
Bethe, H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 (1986) 1305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[28] Morrison, D.R.O., “The Steady Vanishing of the Three Solar Neutrino Problems”, Proc. 27th Int. Conf. on HEP, Glasgow, Scotland, 20-27 July, 1994, CERN-PPE/94-125.Google Scholar
[29] Kovetz, A. and Shaviv, G., to be published in Ap. J., May 1994;Google Scholar
Dar, A. and Shaviv, G., “A Standard Solution to the Solar Neutrino Problem”, Technion PH 94-5 and “Has a Standard Model Solution to the Solar Neutrino Problem Been Found?- A Response”, Asher Space Research Institute, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 1994.Google Scholar
[30] Bahcall, J. et al., “Has a Standard Model Solution to the Solar Neutrino Problem Been Found?”, IASSNS-AST 94/13, April 1994, unpublished.Google Scholar
[31] Ewan, G. T. et al, “The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Proposal”, SNO-87-12, Oct. 1987;Google Scholar
Evans, H.C. et al., “Scientific and Technical Description of the Mark IISNO Detector”, SNO-89-15, Oct. 1989.Google Scholar
[32] Laurenti, G. et al., “A Study of a High Rate Solar Neutrino Detector with Neutrino Energy Determination”, CERN/LAA/PC/93-10, Feb. 1993;Google Scholar
Ypsilantis, T., “HELLAZ: a High Rate Solar Neutrino Detector with Neutrino Energy Determination”, Proc. of The Dark Matter School, Valencia, Spain, 1993.Google Scholar
[33] Arpesella, C. et al., “Proposal for a Real Time Detector for Low Energy Solar Neutrinos”, Vol 1 & 2, ed. Bellini, G. et al., Dept. of Physics, University of Milano, INFN Milano, Italy Google Scholar
Raghavan, R., AT&T Bell Lab., Murray Hill, NJ, USA.Google Scholar
[34] The Kamiokande Collaboration, “Results from a Test Beam Calibration of a Water Cerenkov Detector at KEK”, to be published.Google Scholar
[35] Fukuda, Y. et al., “Atmospheric νμ/ν6 Ratio in the Multi-GeV Energy Range”, June 1994, presented at the ICHEP 94, Glasgow, to be published.Google Scholar
[36] Rubbia, C., “The Renaissance of Experimental Neutrino Physics”, Proc. of Coversaciones de Madrid, Sept. 5, 1992, El Escorial, Madrid, Spain; CERN-PPE/ 93-08;Google Scholar
Revol, J.P., “Future Neutrino oscillation Experiments”, Proc. of Les Rencontres de Physique de la vallée d’Aoste”, La Thuile, Aosta valley, Ed. by M. Greco (1993).Google Scholar
[37] Casperini, M., Phys. Rev. D 38, 2635 (1988);Google Scholar
Phys. Rev. D39, 3606 (1989);Google Scholar
Halprin, A. and Leung, C. N, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991)1833;Google Scholar
Nucl Phys. B. (Proc.Suppl.) 28A, 139 (19920;Google Scholar
Kazuhito, I. et al., “A Test of the Equivalence Principle by Long Baseline Neutrino-Oscillation Experiments”, TMUP-HEL-9207, Nov. 1992;Google Scholar
Pantaleone, J. et al., “Neutrino Mixing due to a Violation of the Equivalence Principle”, IUHET-228, UDHEP-10-92;Google Scholar
Bahcall, J. N. et al., “Solar Neutrinos and the Principle of Equivalence”, IASSNS-AST 94/54, Oct. 1994, submitted to Phys. Rev. D.Google Scholar
[38] CHORUS Collaboration, Armenise, N. et al, CERN-SPSC/90-42 (1990).Google Scholar
[39] NOMAD Collaboration, Astier, P. et al., CERN-SPSLC/91-21 (1991), CERN-SPSLC/91-48, SPSLC/P261 Add. 1.Google Scholar
[40] Kodama, K. et al., Fermilab P803 Proposal, “Muon Neutrino to tau Neutrino Oscillations”, Oct. 1989.Google Scholar
[41] Ball, A., Bianchi, B., Revol, J.P. Stevenson, G.R. and Weisse, E., “CERN Beams for Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations Experiments”, CERN-SL/Note 92-75 (BT).Google Scholar
[42] Mann, A.K. et al., “Proposal for a Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiment at the AGS”, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Jan. 1993.Google Scholar
[43] Allison, W.W.M. et al, Fermilab P822 Proposal, “A Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiment Using the Soudan II Neutrino Detector”, Mar. 1991.Google Scholar
[44] Michael, D., “Comparison of Long Baseline Neutrino Beam Calculations”, California Institute of Technology preprint, 1994 and private communication, to be published.Google Scholar
[45] Alner, G.J. et al., “Expression of Interest for a Long Baseline Neutrino Osculation Experiment Using a CERN Beam and a Large Magnetic Sampling Calorimeter at Gran Sasso”, LNGS Proposal, May 1994.Google Scholar
[46] Nishikawa, K., “A Possible Long base Line Neutrino Oscillation Experiment Using KEK PS and Super Kamiokande”, INS-Rep.-924, April 1992, submitted to J. of the Phys. Soc. of Japan.Google Scholar
[47] Fedotov, Yu. S. et al., “On Possibility to Study Neutrino Oscillations by Detectors Located at Gran Sasso (Italy) Using Beams from 600 GeV UNK-1 Machine”, Protvino preprint, January 1994.Google Scholar
[48] Fiorentini, G. and Ricci, B., “Old and New Interactions in Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments”, INFN Ferrara 06-93, Proc. Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Venice, March 1993, ed. Baldo-Ceolin, M..Google Scholar
[49] Ellis, J., Fogli, G.L. and Lisi, E., “The top quark and Higgs boson masses in the Standard Model and the MSSM”, Phys. Lett. B 333 (1994) 118.Google Scholar