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Heating of Chromospheres and Coronae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

P. Ulmschneider
P. Ulmschneider*
Affiliation:
Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universät Heidelberg, Tiergartenstr. 15, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

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Almost all nondegenerate stars have chromospheres and coronae. These hot outer layers are produced by mechanical heating. The heating mechanisms of chromospheres and coronae, classified as hydrodynamic and magnetic mechanisms, are reviewed here. Both types of mechanisms can be further subdivided on basis of the fluctuation frequency into acoustic and pulsational waves for hydrodynamic and into AC- and DC-mechanisms for magnetic heating. Intense heating is usually associated with the formation of very small spatial scales, which are difficult to observe. Yet, global stellar observations, because of the dependence of the mechanical energy generation on the basic stellar parameters (Teff, gravity, rotation, metallicity) can be extremely important to identify the dominant heating mechanisms.

Type
II. Joint Discussions
Information
Highlights of Astronomy , Volume 11 , Issue 2: Highlights of Astronomy. As presented at the XXIIIrd General Assembly of the IAU (Part B), 1997 , 1998 , pp. 831 - 837
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1998

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