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The ‘Oath of Philippus’ and the Di Indigetes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2011

Herbert Jennings Rose
Herbert Jennings Rose
Affiliation:
University of St. Andrews, Scotland
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Extract

In the course of a valuable discussion of the Di Indigetes, Koch seeks to prove that the epithet means Stammväter, using as his material certain passages of Greek authors which seem to equate indiges with γενάρχης. Of these the chief is the famous fragment of Diodorus Siculus preserved in a Vatican MS. and first published by Mai, Scriptorum Veterum Noua Collectio, ii, p. 116.

Type
Research Article
Information
Harvard Theological Review , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , July 1937 , pp. 165 - 181
Copyright
Copyright © President and Fellows of Harvard College 1937

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References

1 Carl Koch, Gestirnverehrung im alten Italien, Frankfurt a/M, Klostermann, 1933, p. 89 ff.

2 The Roman Republic, Vol. ii, p. 420.

3 F. Susemihl, Geschichte der griech. Literatur in der Alexandriner-Zeit, Vol. ii, p. 382.

4 In RE, V, col. 690.

5 Suid., s.v. Aλέξανδρoς ὁ Mιλήσιος.

6 For instance, in Livy, viii, 9, 6 (gods of the deuotio); Verg., G. i, 5–21 (agricultural deities). See further on this point G. Appel, de Romanorum precationibus (= R. G. V. V., vii, 2), p. 87 ff.

7 As Verg., G. i, 498, which Appel seems to have overlooked in his enumeration.

8 Verg., A. xii, 176 ff.

9 Varro, de ling. Lat., v, 74, whence probably by one route or another Dion. Hal., Antiquit., ii, 50, 3, and Augustine, de ciu. dei, iv, 23.

10 Ovid, fast., v, 479, which need not be his invention, as Carter assumes in Roscher, Lex., v, col. 182, 62; Porphyrio on Hor., epp. ii, 2, 209, p. 343, 4, Meyer.

11 The word is used to mean δαίμονες by various writers from Cicero on; see my note on Hyginus, fab., 139, 4.

12 Used by an unknown poet in Macrob., Som. Scip., i, 9, 7, to render δαίμονες in Hesiod, W. D., 122.

13 I have consulted, and here express my obligation in general to the following works: A. Martin, Quomodo Graeci ac peculiariter Athenienses foedera publica sanxerint, Paris, 1886; E. Ziebarth, De iureiurando in iure Graeco quaestiones, Gottingae, 1892; L. Ott, Beiträge zur Kenntniss des griechischen Fides, Leipzig, 1896; R. Hirzel, Der Eid, ein Beitrag zu seiner Geschichte, Leipzig, 1902; A. B. Cook, Zeus, Vol. ii, Cambridge, 1925, p. 722 ff. G. A. Schroeder, De praecisis iurandi formulis Graecorum et Romanorum, Marienwerder, 1845, despite its promising title, yielded no help; and K. Marót, Der Eid als Tat, in Acta Litterarum ac Scientiarum Vniuersitatis Francisco-Iosephinae, sect, philologico-historica, i, 1, Szeged, 1924, discusses the psychology rather than the formulae of oaths.

14 Dittenberger, Sylloge3, 490, 8 ff.

15 Ibid., 797, 20 ff.

16 Livy, i, 32, 6–7.

17 So the Hierapytnians swear by 16 names, including Zeus under two titles and Athena under three, CIG, 2555, 11; again, they and the Priansies invoke 13, Collitz-Bechtel 5024, 60, 76; they and the Lyktians 12, Michel, Recueil 29, 13 ff.; the Latioi and Olontioi 15, CIG, 2554, 175. All these lists end with quite minor powers, Kuretes and Nymphs.

18 For triads, especially Greek, see Usener in Rhein. Mus., lviii (1903), pp. 1–47; for πεντορκία, see Liddell-Scott-Jones s.v.

19 Cf. Pind., Nem., xi, 1.

20 Add, for instance, another Cretan oath, Dittenberger, op. cit., 527, 15 ff., which significantly specifies τὰν Έστίαν τὰν ἐμ πρυτανείωι. It is the Drerioi swearing eternal enmity to the Lyttioi.

21 Schol. Hon., O 36.

22 Dittenberger, op. cit., 434/5, 87 ff.

23 Lykophron, 938, 1410 (Μάμερτος in both verses).

24 As for example in Iliad 3, 104. In O 36–7, Hera takes a closely equivalent oath by Heaven and Earth; being a goddess, she adds Styx.

25 B. G., vi, 21,2; cf. Wissowa in A. R. W., 1918, p. 1 ff.

26 Varro, de ling. Lat., V, 57 ff.

27 See Koch, op. cit., p. 63 ff.

28 Tyrtaios, fr. 8 (Diehl), 1.

29 References in Koch, p. 33 ff.

30 Hesiod, Theog., 1011 ff.

31 Molière, Les femmes savantes, iii, 5.

32 Lydus, de mens., iv, 155 (p. 172, 19 ff., Wuensch).

33 As in ii, 2, p. 19, 12 ff., Wuensch, and many other passages.

34 Lydus, iv, 1, p. 68, Wuensch.

35 Ibid., 25, p. 83, Wuensch.

36 De deorum Romanorum cognominibus, p. 43, which see for Februus.

37 Ibid., 47, p. 102, 5.

38 Ibid., 51, p. 106, 16.

39 Ibid., 60, p. 113, 17. For the true form of the name, see Aulus Gellius, xiii, 23 (22); Νερίνη is perhaps a further deformation of the analogical nominative Nerienes, cited from Varro by Gellius, loc. cit., (4).

40 Ibid., 72, p. 124, 11.

41 Ibid., 90, p. 138, 1.

42 Ibid., 121, p. 158, 16.

43 Ibid., i, 14, p. 8, 1.

44 Ibid., i, 12, p. 3, 20.

45 Indigetes dii, quorum nomina uulgari non licet, Festus, p. 94, 13, Lindsay.