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A Decade of Luther Study1
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 November 2011
Extract
Since the last biographies of Luther in English appeared, nearly ten years ago, a vast amount of light has been shed on the subject by the discovery of new documents and by the intensive research of a great army of the learned. A special stimulus was supplied to their zeal by the celebration of the Reformation quadricentenary in 1917; and the fact that America was cut off from Germany for four years out of the last ten, and that the books of her production have only begun to reach us in large numbers, may add another reason, were it necessary, for offering an extensive review of the outstanding work in this field since the end of the year 1910. For the sake of convenience the more detailed studies will be taken up first, in the chronological order of events in Luther's life; the more general collections of works, bibliographies, biographies, and estimates, will follow after.
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- Copyright © President and Fellows of Harvard College 1921
References
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114 Burr, G. L., ‘A new Fragment on Luther's death,’ American Historical Review, xvi (1911), 1 ff.Google Scholar; Spaeth, A., in Lutheran Church Review, xxix (1910), 313 ff.Google Scholar On this, denying its value, see Strieder, J., in Historische Vierteljahrschrift, xv (1912), 379 ff.Google Scholar; and Theologische Studien und Kritiken, 1913, pp. 314 ff.; J. Strieder, Authentische Berichte über Luthers letzte Lebensstunden (Kleine Texte, no. 99); Heederschee, J., ‘Luther's Laatste Levensdagen,’ Theologisch Tijdschrift, li (1917), 5 ff.Google Scholar; Schubart, C., Berichte über Luthers Tod und Begräbnis, 1917Google Scholar; Smith, Preserved, ‘Some Old Unpublished Letters,’ Harvard Theological Review, 1919, pp. 204 ff.Google Scholar Two letters on the subject were published by Kawerau, G. in Theologische Studien und Kritiken, 1913, pp. 134 ff.Google Scholar
115 Les Regretz et Complainctes de Passe partout et Bruict qui court. … Par Fr. Picart, 1557; quoted by Hauser, H., Études sur la Réforme francaise, 1909, p. 273.Google Scholar
116 Luthers Werke, Kritische Gesammtausgabe, u. s. w., Weimar, 1883 ff. On this, Albrecht, O. in Lutherstudien, 1917, pp. 29 ff.Google Scholar; the same volume contains much else on Luther's manuscripts, and on their first printing.
117 Luthers Werke in Auswahl, hrsg. von O. Clemen, 1912 ff.
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119 Kawerau, Luthers Schriften nach der Reihenfolge der Jahren verzeichnet, 1917.Google Scholar
120 Dr. Martin Luthers Briefwechsel, bearbeitet von E. L. Enders, fortgesetzt von G. Kawerau, weitergeführt von P. Flemming. Vol. 17. 1920. Professor Flemming has most kindly sent me the proofs of part of volume 18, publication of which is delayed. Professor Kawerau's death was a personal sorrow to me, as I shall never forget the extraordinary kindness he showed to me, an utter stranger, during my student years in Berlin.
121 Luther's Correspondence and other Contemporary Letters, translated and edited by Preserved Smith. Vol. i, 1913. Vol. ii, in collaboration with C. M. Jacobs, 1918.
122 Lockemann, T., Technische Studien zu Luthers Briefen an Friedrich den Weisen, 1913Google Scholar; Flemming, P., ‘Die Lutherbriefe in der Rörersammlung,’ in Studien G. Kawerau dargebracht, 1917, pp. 21 ff.Google Scholar; Kawerau, G., ‘Die Bemühungen im 16, 17, und 18 Jahrhundert, Luthers Briefe zu sammeln und herauszugeben,’ in Lutherstudien, 1917, 1ff.Google Scholar
123 Kidd, B. J., Documents of the Continental Reformation, 1911.Google Scholar
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126 Quellenkunde der deutschen Geschichte, 8th ed., 1912. Cf. also Bibliographic der sächsischen Geschichte, hrsg. von R. Bemmann, i, 1918.
127 List of References on the History of the Reformation in Germany, by G. L. Kieffer, W. W. Rockwell, and O. H. Pannkoke, 1917.
128 Fourth edition 1917, fifth 1918; English translation from third edition, 1916.
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132 Grisar, H., Luther, 3 vols. 1911, 1912Google Scholar; English translation by E. M. Lamond, 6 vols., 1913 ff. Among the many reviews ojf this work or replies to it, the most important Protestant criticism is Kawerau, G., Luther in katholischer Beleuchtung, 1911.Google Scholar
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139 Walther, W., Luihers Charakter, 1917.Google Scholar See also Söderblom, N., Humor och Melankoli och andra Lutherstudier, Stockholm, 1919.Google Scholar
140 Rivari, La mente ed li carattere di Martino Luthero, 1914.Google Scholar
141 Vedder, H. C., The Reformation in Germany, 1913.Google Scholar Good summary, though too severe, of effects of Reformation, pp. 389–393; Walker, W., History of the Christian Church, 1918Google Scholar; Hulme, E. M., The Renaissance, the Protestant Revolution and the Catholic Reformation, 1914Google Scholar; von Below, G., Die Ursachen der Reformation, 1917Google Scholar; Abbott, W. C., The Expansion of Europe, 2 vols. 1918Google Scholar; Moore, G. F., History of Religions, ii. Judaism, Christianity, Mohammedanism, 1919Google Scholar; Bauslin, D. H., The Lutheran Movement of the Sixteenth Century, 1919Google Scholar; Taylor, H. O., Thought and Expression in the Sixteenth Century, 2 vols. 1920Google Scholar; Smith, Preserved, The Age of the Reformation, 1920.Google Scholar One might add for the sake of completeness the worthless Catholic review by P. Bernard, ‘Pour le quatrième centenaire de la Réformation,’ Études, Tome 153, pp. 137 ff., 308 ff., 468 ff., 733 ff.; Tome 154, pp. 157 ff., 305 ff., 420 ff. (1917–1918). The famous Outlines of History by H. G. Wells has only a few conventional sentences on Luther.
142 Harvey, A. E., ‘Martin Luther in the Estimate of Modern Historians,’ American Journal of Theology, July, 1918Google Scholar; Wentz, A. R., Martin Luther in ihe Changing Light of Four Centuries, 1916Google Scholar; Eckart, R., Luther und die Reformation im Urteil bedeutender Männer, 2d ed., 1917Google Scholar; Humphrey, L. H., ‘French Estimates of Luther,’ Lutheran Quarterly, April, 1918Google Scholar; Smith, Preserved, ‘English Opinion of Luther,’ Harvard Theological Review, 1917.Google Scholar The last chapter of The Age of the Reformation by the same writer is devoted to a history of the historiography of the Reformation.
143 Troeltsch, E., Protestantism and Progress, 1912, pp. 198Google Scholar, 192 f.; Id., ‘Luther und der Protestantismus,’ Neue Rundschau, October, 1917; Id., ‘Protestantismus und Kultur,’ Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 1912. Troeltsch's view that Luther was medieval is exaggerated by Wolff, R., Studien zu Luthers Weltanschauung, 1920.Google Scholar
144 ‘Luther hat die objective Begriffswelt so völlig durchdrungen, das sie zwar nicht ihre Existenz, wohl aber ihren Wert verlor, und statt dessen der Anker der Lebensbehauptung auf den Boden des Subjects und seiner Erfahrung fiel.’ Luther und die deutsche Reformation, 1916. Santayana would agree with Troeltsch in this statement, but would deplore instead of exulting in it. See his Egotism in German Philosophy, 1917, pp. 1 ff., 23.
145 ‘Luther,’ in Revue des Deux Mondes, 1912, 6me période, pp. 309 ff.; the same reprinted in Les Origines de la Réforme, iii, 1914, chap. 1; Id., ‘Pourquoi Luther n'a-t-il pas créé qu'un Christianisme allemand?’ Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 1918, pp. 575–612.
146 France, A., La Révolte des Anges, 1914, pp. 237 ff.Google Scholar
147 Belloc, H., Europe and the Faith, 1920, pp. 219 f.Google Scholar
148 Ellis, Havelock, Impressions and Comments, 1915.Google Scholar
149 Ellis, H., The Philosophy of Conflict, second series, 1919, pp. 89–99.Google Scholar
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151 von Harnack, A., ‘Die Reformation,’ Internationale Monatsschrift, xi, 1918Google Scholar; Lenz, M., ‘Luthers Weltgeschichtliche Stellung,’ Preussische Jahrbücher, clxx (1917), pp. 166 ff.Google Scholar; Heiler, F., Luthers religionsgeschichtliche Bedeutung, 1918; Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 1918Google Scholar, articles by C. A. Bernouilli, ‘La Réforme de Luther et les problèmes de la culture presente’; E. Ehrhardt, ‘Le sens de la révolution religieuse et morale accomplie par Luther’; J. Chevalier, ‘Les deux Réformes: le Luthéranisme en Allemagne, le Calvinisme dans les pays de langue anglaise’; C. Andler, ‘L'esprit conservateur et l'esprit révolutionnaire dans le Luthéranisme.’
152 Chesterton, G. K., The Crimes of England, 1918.Google ScholarCf. also his Irish Impressions, 1920, p. 206.
153 Martin Luther: The Man and His Work, 1911, p. 382.
154 ‘The Unfinished Reformation,’ in Bulletin of Union Theological Seminary, October 31, 1917.
155 Ibid.
156 Life and Letters of Martin Luther, 1911, and preface to second edition, 1914; ‘Luther,’ in International Encyclopaedia, 1918; ‘Luther 1517–1917, Outlook, October 31, 1917; ‘The Reformation 1517–1917,’ Bibliotheca Sacra, January, 1918; “The Reformation interpreted in the Light of its Achievements,’ Paper read at American Historical Association, December, 1917, to be printed in Papers of the American Society of Church History; The Age of the Reformation, 1920.
157 Paquier, J., Luther et l'Allemagne, 1918Google Scholar, with list of books on the subject, pp. viii ff.; Weiss, N., ‘Pour le quatrième centénaire de la Réformation,’ Bulletin de la Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Francais, 1917, pp. 178 ff.Google Scholar; Kawerau, K., Luthers Gedanken über den Krieg, 1916Google Scholar; Vermeil, E., ‘Les aspects religieux de la guerre,’ Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 1918, pp. 893–921Google Scholar; Faulkner, J. A.: ‘Luther and the Great War,’ Lutheran Quarterly, October, 1920, pp. 448 ff.Google Scholar
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159 Lauchert, F., Die italienischen literarischen Gegner Luthers, 1912.Google Scholar
160 Wolff, E., Faust und Luther, 1912.Google Scholar Luther is discussed in Busoni's, F. B. new opera, Doktor Faust, 1920. The libretto is not from Goethe, but is original.Google Scholar
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