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Legendary Genealogies in Late-Republican Rome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2009

T. P. Wiseman
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Extract

When the quaestor C. lulius Caesar began his aunt's funerary laudatio with these words in 69 B.c., he was not claiming any unique glory appropriate only to ‘imperial Caesar’, but indulging a form of family pride shared by many aristocrats in the late Republic.

Type
Research Article
Information
Greece & Rome , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , October 1974 , pp. 153 - 164
Copyright
Copyright © The Classical Association 1974

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References

page 153 note 1 Suet. DJ 6. 1.Google Scholar

page 153 note 2 Livy, i. 3. 2Google Scholar, with Ogilvie, R. M.'s commentary (Oxford, 1965), 42–3Google Scholar. Festus (Paulus) 22 L: ‘quod ab Ascanio descendat [sc. Aemilia gens] qui duos habuerit filios, lulum et Aemylon.’

page 153 note 3 Homer, , Iliad xx. 215 ffGoogle Scholar. Alban dynasty: Livy, i. 3. 6–10Google Scholar; Dion. Hal. i. 71Google Scholar; Virg. Aen. vi. 760 ff., etc.Google Scholar

page 153 note 4 Sil. It. Punica viii. 294–6Google Scholar: ‘numerare parentem / Assaracum retro praestabat Amulius auctor, / Assaracusque lovem.’

page 153 note 5 Suet. Galba 2Google Scholar. Crawford, M. H., Roman Republican Coinage, i (Cambridge, 1974), no. 312Google Scholar; Mr. Crawford's numeration will be used for all coins mentioned below. Lavinium: Virg. Aen. viii. 42–8Google Scholar; Livy, i. 1. 10Google Scholar; Dion. Hal. i. 59. 3.Google Scholar

page 154 note 1 Serv. Aen. v. 117Google Scholar; Festus, (Paulus) 48 LGoogle Scholar. Livy, i. 30. 2Google Scholar: ‘Iulios [MSS. Tullios], Servilios, Quinctios, Geganios, Curiatios, Cloelios’; Dion. Hal. iii. 29. 7Google Scholar has Quinctilii for Quinctii, and adds Metilii (see below).

page 154 note 2 Virg. Aen. v. 121Google Scholar; Varro, ap. Serv. Aen. ii. 166 and v. 704Google Scholar; Dion. Hal. vi. 69. 1, etc.Google Scholar

page 154 note 3 Cf. Peter, H., Historicorum Romanorum Fragmenta, i (Stuttgart, 1914), xliii–1.Google Scholar

page 154 note 4 Festus (Paulus) 77 L; Plut. Fabius 1. 2.Google Scholar

page 154 note 5 Festus (Paulus) 77 LGoogle Scholar; Plut. Fabius 1. 2Google Scholar; cf. Ovid, , Fasti ii. 237Google Scholar, ex Pont. iii. 3. 99 f.Google Scholar; Juv. viii. 14Google Scholar. Evander's daughter: Sil. It. Punica vi. 627–36Google Scholar; cf. ii. 3, vii. 35, 43 f. Evander and Hercules: Livy, i. 7. 4Google Scholar; Dion. Hal. i. 35. 2 (from Hellanicus), 39. 1, etc.Google Scholar

page 154 note 6 Festus 270 L; Livy, i. 7. 12–13Google Scholar; Dion. Hal. i. 40. 4Google Scholar; Serv. Aen. viii. 270, etc.Google Scholar

page 154 note 7 Dion. Hal. iv. 68. 1.Google Scholar

page 154 note 8 Livy, i. 32. 1Google Scholar; Dion. Hal. ii. 76. 5 (from Cn. Gellius)Google Scholar, iii. 35. 3; Plut. Numa 21. 4–6Google Scholar; Crawford nos. 346 (c. 88 B.c.), 425 (c. 56 B.c.); Plut. Numa 5. 4, 6. 1, 21. 5.Google Scholar

page 155 note 1 Plut. Numa 21. 2–3Google Scholar; Dion. Hal. ii. 76. 5Google Scholar. Crawford nos. 334 (Molo, L. Pomponius, c. 97 B.c.), 446Google Scholar (Cn. Piso, Calpurnius, c. 49 B.c.)Google Scholar. Calpus: Festus (Paulus) 41 L; cf. Laus Pisonis 5, 15Google Scholar; Hor. AP 292.Google Scholar

page 155 note 2 Festus (Paulus) 22 L: ‘Aemiliam gentem appellatam dicunt a Mamerco, Pythagorae philosophi filio, cui propter unicam humanitatem cognomen fuerit Aemylos.’ αἱμνλία: Plut. Aem. Paul. 2. 2.Google Scholar

page 155 note 3 Plut. Numa 8. 18 f.Google Scholar; cf. Cic. rep. ii. 28 f.Google Scholar

page 155 note 4 e.g. Fulvii and Coruncanii from Tusculum, (Cic. Planc. 20, etc.)Google Scholar, Atinii, from Aricia, (Cic. Phil. iii. 16)Google Scholar, Anicii, from Praeneste, (Pliny, , NH xxxiii. 17).Google Scholar

page 155 note 5 Solinus, ii. 9Google Scholar (from ‘Praenestini libri’); Cato fr. 59P; Serv. Aen. vii. 678Google Scholar, etc. Festus (Paulus) 38 L: ‘Caeculus condidit Praeneste. Unde putant Caecilios ortos, quorum erat nobilis familia apud Romanos.’ M. Metellus Q.f., probably the consul of 115, put Vulcan on his dodrantes (Crawford no. 263/2).

page 155 note 6 Plut. Mor. 316AGoogle Scholar (from Aristocles); Solinus, ii. 9Google Scholar (from Zenodotus of Troizen); Steph. Byz. s.v. ‘Prainestos’. Latinus' parentage goes back to Hesiod, (Theogony 1011–16).Google Scholar

page 155 note 7 Hor. epod. 1. 29 f.Google Scholar, Odes iii. 29. 8 (with Porph.)Google Scholar; Prop. ii. 32. 4Google Scholar; Ovid, , Fasti iii. 91, iv. 71Google Scholar; Stat. Silv. i. 3. 83 f.Google Scholar; Sil. It. Punica vii. 691–3Google Scholar, xii. 535; CIL xiv. 2649Google Scholar. Festus 116 L: ‘Mamiliorum familia progenita sit a Mamilia Telegoni filia, quam Tusculi procreavit, quando id oppidum ipse condidisset.’ Also Livy, i. 49. 9Google Scholar; Dion. Hal. iv. 45. 1Google Scholar; Crawford nos. 149, 362.

page 156 note 1 Appian, , BC ii. 20Google Scholar; Pliny, , NH iii. 56Google Scholar; Serv. Aen. ii. 116, vi. 136Google Scholar; Pliny, , NH iii. 51 (from Cato)Google Scholar; Ovid, , Fasti iv. 73 f.Google Scholar; Serv. Aen. vii. 723Google Scholar; Pliny, , NH iii. 50Google Scholar; cf. Serv. Aen. x. 179.Google Scholar

page 156 note 2 Pliny, , NH xvii. 237Google Scholar; Serv. Aen. vii. 670Google Scholar; cf. Hor. Odes ii. 6. 5Google Scholar; Ovid, , Fasti iv. 71Google Scholar; Solinus, ii. 7 (from Cato).Google Scholar

page 156 note 3 Crawford no. 395; Suet. DJ 1.Google Scholar

page 156 note 4 Suet. Galba 2Google Scholar; cf. Sil. It. Punica viii. 470 f.Google Scholar, wrongly making it his paternal ancestry.

page 156 note 5 Serv. Aen. vii. 796Google Scholar; Suet. Galba 3. 4.Google Scholar

page 156 note 6 Crawford no. 377.

page 157 note 1 Plut. Ant. 4. 2, 36. 7, 60. 5Google Scholar; Appian, , BC iii. 16, 19Google Scholar; Crawford no. 304 (c. 108 B.c.), with Plut. Theseus 32, 35Google Scholar, and Grueber, H. A., Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, ii (London, 1910), 299 n. 2Google Scholar; Crawford no. 420 (c. 60 B.c.), with Hyginus, , Fab. 157 on the father of Leuconoë.Google Scholar

page 157 note 2 Herodian, ii. 3. 4Google Scholar; Festus, (Paulus) 38 LGoogle Scholar; Virg. Aen. v. 117Google Scholar; cf. Lucr. i. 1Google Scholar. ‘The Trojan woman’ was a lady who acted as Cicero's agent in some confidential financial transactions in 62–1 (Att. i. 12. 1, 13. 6, 14. 7)Google Scholar; perhaps the code-name alluded to her family's genealogy.

page 157 note 3 Serv. Aen. v. 389Google Scholar (Hyginus), 704 (Varro).

page 157 note 4 Virg. Aen. v. 568, 123Google Scholar. No son of Cicero's client is mentioned in the pro Cluentio, but the family reappears eight generations later with the prefect of the first cohort of Batavians who dedicated one of the altars in the Carrawburgh Mithraeum on Hadrian's Wall (RIB 1545).

page 157 note 5 Dion. Hal. iii. 29. 7Google Scholar; de comp. verb, 3 for the patron.Google Scholar

page 158 note 1 Crawford no. 399. Poseidon's children take up five pages of Pauly-Wissowa, : RE xxii (1953), cols. 469–78.Google Scholar

page 158 note 2 Cic. Alt. ii. 13. 2Google Scholar; Hor. Odes iii. 16. 35Google Scholar; Pliny, , NH iii. 59Google Scholar; Sil. It. Punica vii. 276, 410, viii. 529 (Caieta)Google Scholar. Descendants: Juv. iv. 154Google Scholar; cf. Cic. Fam. xi. 16. 2, etc.Google Scholar

page 158 note 3 Schol. Homer, , Od. x. 81Google Scholar; Hor. Odes iii. 17. 1–9Google Scholar (‘Aeli vetusto nobilis ab Lamo’).

page 158 note 4 Syme, R., The Roman Revolution (Oxford, 1939), 83.Google Scholar

page 158 note 5 Livy, viii. 40. 4Google Scholar; Cic. Brut. 62Google Scholar (‘falsi triumphi, plures consulatus …’).

page 158 note 6 Cic. Brut. 62Google Scholar—but he calls Tullius, Servius ‘meus gentilis’ at TD i. 38.Google Scholar

page 158 note 7 e.g. Serv. Aen. vii. 796Google Scholar (Labicus), viii. 270 (Pinarii); Plut. Aem. Paul. 2. 2 (Aemilii).Google Scholar

page 158 note 8 Plut. Numa 21. 4Google Scholar: ὡς χαριομένων τοῖς γένεσι καὶ προστιθέντων οὐκ ἀληθῆ στέμματα τῆς ἀπὸ Νομᾶ διαδοχῆς.

page 158 note 9 Empiricus, Sextus, adv. gramm. i. 252Google Scholar: τῆς γὰρ ἱστορήας τὴν μέν τινα ἀληθῆ εῑναί φησι [sc. Ἀσκληπιάδης]. τὴν δὲ ψευδῆ τὴν δὲ ὡς ἀληθῆ, καὶ ἀληθῆ μὲν τὴν πρακτικήν, ψευδῆ δέ τὴν περὶ πλάσματα καὶ υύ,θους, ὡς ἀληθῆ δὲ οῑα ἐστὶν ἡ κωμῳδία καὶ οἱ μῑμοι … (253) τῆς δὲ ψευδοῦς, τουτέστι τῆς μνθικῆς, ἕν εἶδος μόνον ὑπάρχειν λέγει τό γενεαλογικόν.

page 159 note 1 Polybius, ix. 1.4Google Scholar (cf. 2. 1): ὁ γενεαλογικὸς τρόπος appeals to τὸν φιλήκοον, ὁ περὶ τὰς άποικίας καὶ κτίσεις καὶ συγγενείας appeals to τὸν πολυπράγμονα καὶ περιττόν.

page 159 note 2 Livy, , praef. 7Google Scholar. So too Varro, ap. Aug. Civ. Dei iii. 4.Google Scholar

page 159 note 3 Cf. Wiseman, T. P., Cinna the Poet and other Roman Essays (Leicester, 1974), 36 ff., 144 ff.Google Scholar (writing for patrons), 54 ff. (aetiological tradition). Callimachus fr. 612 (Pf.): ἀμάρτυρον οὐδὲν ἀείδω. Cf. Cic. leg. i. 1–5 on poetry and truth.Google Scholar

page 159 note 4 Cic. Att. i. 16. 15Google Scholar (‘nunc ad Caecilianam fabulam spectet’); Archias also wrote a poem on Marius, (Cic. Arch. 19)Google Scholar, but the derivation of the Marii from Mars (cf. Plut. Mar. 46. 8Google Scholar) presumably comes from a Latin source. Boethus: Strabo xiv. 674.

page 159 note 5 Varro ap. Gellius, Aulus i. 22. 5Google Scholar; Pliny, , ep. v. 19. 3Google Scholar (‘orationes et historias et carmina’), etc. Anagnostae: Nepos, , Att. 14. 1Google Scholar; Cic. Att. i. 12. 4Google Scholar, Fam. v. 9. 2.Google Scholar

page 159 note 6 Hor. Sat. i. 4. 74–6Google Scholar; cf. Petr. Sat. 90. 1 (colonnades).Google Scholar

page 159 note 7 Polybius, vi. 53–4Google Scholar; Tac. Ann. iii. 76.Google Scholar

page 160 note 1 There are of course many more examples than those cited above, often too allusive for us to understand.

page 160 note 2 See Toynbee, J. M. C., ‘Picture-Language in Roman Art and Coinage’, Essays in Roman Coinage presented to Harold Mattingly (Oxford, 1956), 205–26.Google Scholar

page 160 note 3 See the chronological index to Plainer, S. B. and Ashby, T.'s Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (Oxford, 1929), 589–92.Google Scholar

page 160 note 4 Temple: Nash, E., Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Rome, ii (London, 1968), 120–1Google Scholar. Cloaca: Narducci, P., Sulla fognatura della città di Roma (Rome, 1889), 36–7.Google Scholar

page 160 note 5 Coarelli, F., Dialoghi di archeologia, ii (1968), 318–25.Google Scholar

page 161 note 1 Coarelli, loc. cit.; Kähler, H., Seethiasos und Census: die Reliefs aus dem Palazzo Santa Croce in Rom (Monumenta Artis Romae vi, Berlin, 1966), 7–8.Google Scholar

page 161 note 2 Best illustrated in Kähler, op. cit. Dimensions: Kähler, , op. cit. 11Google Scholar. Position: Coarelli, , op. cit. 324–5.Google Scholar

page 161 note 3 Kähler, , op. cit. 10Google Scholar; Coarelli, , op. cit. 338.Google Scholar

page 161 note 4 Kähler, , op. cit. 30–5Google Scholar; Coarelli, , op. cit. 302–18Google Scholar (Neptune temple), 325–37 (chronological context), 338–43 (Antonius).

page 161 note 5 See Lugli, G., Itinerario diRoma antica (Milan, 1970), 413–15Google Scholar. I have tried to deal in detail with the problems of the Circus Flaminius and its buildings in an article in PBSR xlii, forthcoming.

page 162 note 1 Convincingly inferred by Coarelli, , op. cit. 324f.Google Scholar

page 162 note 2 I have included both 89 and 86 B.c.: cf. JRS lix (1969), 63 fGoogle Scholar. No lustrum between 70–69 and 29–28: Augustus, , RG 8. 2.Google Scholar

page 162 note 3 Sil. It. Punica vii. 618, viii. 393 (Sulla)Google Scholar; x. 476 (Cinna); viii. 575 (Cethegus); v. 231, x. 261 (Lentulus). Africanus, : vir. ill. 49. 1Google Scholar; Gellius, Aulus vi. 1Google Scholar; Sil. It. Punica xiii. 615 ff., etc.Google Scholar

page 162 note 4 Crawford no. 265 (moneyer); cf. Gellius, Aulus xiv. 2. 21Google Scholar (opponent of the elder Cato), xiii. 23. 13; Dion. Hal. ii. 31. 1 (historian).Google Scholar

page 163 note 1 Tribe: ILLRP 515. 4Google Scholar. Local magistrate: CIL x. 6017Google Scholar. Laestrygonian kingdom: Hor. Odes iii. 17. 6–8 with Porph. ad loc.Google Scholar

page 163 note 2 Schol. Homer, Od. x. 81Google Scholar; Schol. Arist. Wasps 1035Google Scholar and Peace 758Google Scholar (from Duris of Samos); Diodorus, xx. 41. 3–4Google Scholar; Plut. Mor. 398CGoogle Scholar; Paus. x. 12. 1.Google Scholar

page 163 note 3 Schol. Theocr. XV. 40Google Scholar: Λαμία βασίλισσα Λαιστρυγόνων, ἡ καὶ Γελλὼ λεγομένη, δυστυχοῦσα περὶ τὰ ἑαυτῆς τέκνα ὡς ἀποθνήσκοντα, ἤθελε καὶ τὰ λειπόμενα φονεύειν.

page 163 note 4 Catullus cxvi. 2, xci. 7Google Scholar. For this Gellius and his relatives, see the work cited above (p. 159 n. 3), 119 ff.

page 163 note 5 Catullus lxxxviii. 5–6Google Scholar: ‘quantum non ultima Tethys / nee genitor Nympharum abluit Oceanus’. Their daughter Doris was the mother of the Nereids: Hesiod, , Theogony 240–3Google Scholar (cf. 337, 350); Apollodorus i. 2. 2, 7.

page 163 note 6 Cic. Brut. 174Google Scholar (‘nee Romanarum rerum immemor’); for his attitude to Greeks, cf. the story at Cic. leg. i. 53Google Scholar, which dates back to 93 B.c.

page 164 note 1 Cic. Cluent. 119Google Scholar, red. Quir. 17Google Scholar, Pis. 6Google Scholar. He was himself the family's first consul (72 B.c.).