An (n, q) graph is a graph on n labelled points and q lines, no loops and no multiple lines. We write N = ½n(n – 1), B(a, b) = a!/{b!(a – b)!} and B(a, 0) = 1, so that there are just B(N, q)different (n, q) graphs. Again h(n, q) is the number of Hamiltonian (n, q) graphs. Much attention has been devoted to the problem of determining for which q = q(n) “almost all” (n, q) graphs are Hamiltonian, i.e. for which q we have

as n → ∞. I proved [8, Theorem 4] that qn–3/2; → ∞ is a sufficient condition by showing that, for such q, almost all (n, q) graphs have about the average number of Hamiltonian circuits (H.c.s).

In a recent paper [1], Brown, Hajarnavis and MacEacharn have considered non-commutative Noetherian local rings of finite global dimension which are integral over their centres. For such a ring Rthey have shown:

(i) R is a prime ring whose Krull and global dimensions coincide;

(ii) R = ∩ RP where p runs through the set of rank one primes of the centre of R, and each Rp is hereditary;

(iii) the centre of R is a Krull domain.

Linear spaces on which both an order and a topology are defined and related in various ways have been studied for some time now. Given an order on a linear space it is sometimes possible to define a useful topology using the order and linear structure. In this note we focus on a special type of space called a linear lattice and determine those lattice properties which are both necessary and sufficient for the existence of a classical norm, called an M-norm, for the lattice. This result is a small step in a program to determine which intrinsic order properties of an ordered linear space are necessary and sufficient for the existence of various given types of topologies for the space. This study parallels, in a certain sense, the study of purely topological spaces to determine intrinsic properties of a topology which make it metrizable and the study of the relation between order and topology on spaces which have no algebraic structure, or. algebraic structures other than a linear one.

In this note we show that any derivation of a simple C*-algebra, whose range is not dense, is closable. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition for a *-derivation of a C*-algebra, which is defined on the domain of a closed *- derivation, to be closed.

In [1, Theorem 3.3], E. Bishop proved that an operator S on a Hilbert space ℋ is subnormal if and only if there is a net of normal operators {Nα} that converges to S strongly (that is, ‖(Nα–S) f‖→ 0 for every f in ℋ). The proof that such a net exists if S is subnormal is not so difficult; in fact, a sequence of normal operators converging strongly to S can be found. Bishop's proof of the converse, however, is rather complicated and involves, among other things, some complicated arguments using operator-valued measures. The purpose of this note is to provide an easier proof of this part of the theorem. Our interest in finding such a proof was aroused by Paul Halmos.

Banach spaces whose duals possess the Radon-Nikodym property have been studied extensively in the past (cf. [5]). It has been shown recently in [4] that a C*-algebra is scattered if and only if its Banach dual possesses the Radon-Nikodym property. This result extends the well-known result of Pełczynski and Semandini [8] that a compact Hausdorff space Ωis dispersed if and only if C(Ω)* has the Radon-Nikodym property. The purpose of this note is to give a transparent proof of a more general result for Jordan algebras which unifies the aforementioned results. We prove that the dual of a JB-algebra A possesses the Radon-Nikodym property if and only if the state space of A is the cr-convex hull of its pure states. We also consider the projective tensor products of the duals of JB-algebras in this context.

In this paper we generalise results of Craveiro de Carvalho ([3]) in two ways. First we prove the following fact.

PROPOSITION 1. Given any smooth submanifold M of real projective space ℙn, for L in an open dense subset of the space of codimension 2 subspaces of ℙnwe have

(a) L meets M transversally and

(b) the pencil of hyperplanes through L have at worst Morse (A1) contact with M.

Let A be an n × n complex matrix and c = (c1… cn) єℂn. Define the c-numerical range of A to be the set is an orthonormal set in , where * denotes the conjugate transpose. Westwick [8[ proved that if c … cn are collinear, then Wc(A) is convex. (Poon [6] gave another proof.) But in general for n ≧3, Wc(A) may fail to be convex even for normal A (for example, see Marcus [4] or Lemma 3 in this note) though it is star-shaped (Tsing [7]). In the following, we shall assume that A is normal. Let W(A) = {diag UAU*: U is unitary}. Horn [3] proved that if the eigenvalues of A are collinear, then W(A) is convex. Au-Yeung and Sing [2] showed that the converse is also true. Marcus [4] further conjectured (and proved for n = 3) that if Wc(A) is convex for all cєℂn then the eigenvalues of A are collinear. Let λ = (λ1, …, λn єℂn. We denote by the vector λ1, …, λn and by [λ] the diagonal matrix with λ1, …, λn lying on its diagonal. Since, for any unitary matrix U,. Wc(A) = Wc (UAU*), the Marcus conjecture reduces to: if Wc([λ]) is convex for all c єℂn then λ1, … λn are collinear. For the case n = 3, Au-Yeung and Poon [1] gave a complete characterization on the convexity of the set Wc([λ]) in terms of the relative position of the points , where σ є S3 the permutation group of order 3. As an example they showed that if λ1, λ2, λ3 are not collinear, then is not convex (Lemma 3 in this note gives another proof). We shall show that for the case n = 4, is not convex if λ1, λ2. λ3. λ4 are not collinear. Thus for n = 3, 4 the Marcus conjecture is answered and improved.

The aim of this paper is to explore some facets of the geometry of generic isotopies of plane curves. Our major tool will be the paper of Arnol'd [1] on the evolution of wavefronts. The sort of questions one can ask are: in a generic isotopy of a plane curve how are vertices created and destroyed? How does the dual evolve? How can the Gauss map change? In attempting to answer these questions we are taking advantage of the fact that these phenomena are all naturally associated with singularities of type Ak. Now the bifurcation set of an Ak+1 singularity and the discriminant set of an Ak singularity coincide. So we can apply Arnol'd's results on one parameter families of Legendre (discriminant) singularities (e.g. the duals) to get information on one parameter families of Lagrange (bifurcation) singularities (e.g. the evolutes). For bifurcation sets of functions with singularities other than those of type Ak one runs up against problems with smooth moduli—see [4].

The integral equation of the title is

It was studied in [4], though h(x) was written as x-1g(x-1) there, and using a method involving orthogonal Watson transformations, it was shown there that if h ∈ L2(0, ∞), then the equation has a solution f ∈ L2(0, ∞), and that / is given by

In this paper, using the techniques of [3], we shall show that the equation can be solved for ℎ in the space ℒμ, p of [3] for 1 ≤ p < ∘, μ > 0, and that for these spaces, which include L2(0, ∘), f is given by the simpler formula

We shall further show that these results can be extended to the spaces ℒw, μ, p of [3]. This forms the content of our theorem below.