Specimens indicative of large ‘cycloid’ Fishes, with teeth of ‘sauroid’ character, have been obtained from the ‘Upper Chalk’ of England. To a species of this kind, with large circular scales covered with minute asperities visible by the aid of a pocket-lens, Agassiz assigned the generic name Pachyrhizodus, in reference to the thickness of the base of the anchylosed teeth.

In my observations on the Laurentian Rocks of Birtain which appeared in the last number of the Geological Magazine, there is one statement which calls for midification, and another which I revoke. The striking discordance of direction or strike between the true Laurentian rocks of the North-Western Highlands and Islands, and the superficial strata of Cambrian and Lower Silurian age as described by me, is undoubtedly correct; but in another paragraph it is inadvertently said that the Silurian rocks of Britain trend everywhere from NE. to SW. For ‘everywhere’ the word ‘usually’ should have been employed, as there are tracrs wherein these rocks unquestionably range from W. to E.

Relations of the Crags of Antwerp and Suffolk.—Having thus passed through the various strata, we may inquire what relation the three Crags bear to the Suffolk deposits. The lists of Mollusca which I have carefully complied from the researches of Mr. Searles Wood, on the one hand, and of M. Nyst, on the other, have been revised by my frined Dr. S. P. Woodward, and will enable us satisfactorily to determine this point. The lists of Mollusca which I have carefully compiled from the researches of Mr. Searles wood, on the one hand, and of M. Nyst, on the other, have been revised by my friend Dr. S. P. Woodward, and will enable us satisfactorily to determine this point.

All facts from stray sources bearing on the connection between the Newer Tertiaries and existing faunas are worth placing on record, as they may hereafter unexpectedly throw light on important points of inquiry. The existing faunas radiating from the Boreal districts may, indeed, be expected to have much in common, together with species peculiar to each ocean, and to each side of each ocean; and the correspondence extends to species living in the Temperate and even the Sub-tropical districts. Kellia suborbicularis, Lasea rubra, and Saxicava pholadis of the Coralline Crag are now living along the whole coast from Vancouver to the Acapulcan district: and Erato Maugeriw, whose head-quarters are now in the West Indies, appeared in the Coralline, did not disappear in the Red Crag, is now living in the Bay of Panama, and is nearly, if not quite, identical with E. columbella of the Gulf and the Temperate shores of California.

The claims of the sea as a denuding agent have been much disputed of late years; the meteoric and fluviatile theories of denudation have been revived; and the glacial theory has been extended, so as to encroach on what was once generally admitted to be the legitimate province of the sea. But, as a forgetfulness of, as well as too much reliance on, the power of the sea to modify, may become a fertile source of hasty and false generalization, it is well that the importance of waves, tides, and currents, as denuding causes, should be re-asserted, and attention directed afresh to the more striking monuments they have left behind them in regions removed from their present theatre of action. These monuments present an unmistakeable resemblance to the cliffs, buttresses, walled inlets, pillars, needles, &c., now in course of being formed by the sea; and in explaining them, the old principle of sound theorization —similar effects are referable to similar causes —is not to be set aside by overstraining the capabilities of any theory which will merely account for the phenomena.

There is not in Great Britain any coal-field so characeristic as that of South Wales; nor one which in outward appearance so little agrees with the general notion as to what a coal-field should be like. Instead of the barren and monotonous surface that we usually find in Durham, Staffordshire, Lancashire, or Scotland, we find scenery of a high order,—lofty hills, romantic dales, broken scaurs, and woods feathering down to the banks of the streams that run brawling to the Bristol Channel. It is a wonder indeed that tourists do not oftener explore these gems of South-West landscape, particularly as every valley is now accessible by railway. Nor is it merely in scenic interest that the basin is peculiar; for the very physical arrangement which gives the hill and dale enables much of the coal to be won by level, instead of pit, thus forming a marked feature in the economy of the working. It is with regard to this physical geography that I would say a few words, as viewed in relation to the geology of the basin.

Probably few geologists pass through Yorkshire en route for the North without paying a visit to the large and most interesting museum illustrative of local, as well as of general, British Geology, formed by Mr. Edward Wood, F.G.S., of Richmond. The joint papers by Prof. L. de Koninck (of Liége) and Mr. Wood on the new and remarkable genus of Crinoids, named by De Koninck Woodocrinus, in honor of their enterprising discoverer, which appeared in the ‘Geologist’ and other scientific journals, have given the genus an important standing among Crinoidea; but since that publication of the material acquired by Mr. Wood he has been so fortunate as to add extensively to his fine collection, chiefly through the kindness of his friend and neighbour Mr. Brown, J.P., who opened quarries on his estate at Holwith for the sole purpose of aiding the researches of Mr. Wood; and the wall-cases in the museum devoted to these fine Crinoids now present a wonderful richness of fossil-wealth. Amongst many other fine specimens I would chiefly notice the exceedingly beautiful specimen of Woodocrinus expansus, which is not only, beyond doubt, the finest ever found, but has a peculiar interest from the fact of its retaining, in a purple-coloured suffusion on the tips of some of the rays, which, with their attendant fringe of pinnules, terminate the arms, some indication of the animal substance which clithed them. This colour is probably due to a phosphate of manganese. As this specimen is thus doubly interrsting, I am much indebted to Mr. Wood for permission to have it figured in illustration of my remarks.