Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T01:13:14.309Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Zircon in mantle eclogite xenoliths: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2021

Aleksey E. Melnik Open the ORCID record for Aleksey E. Melnik [Opens in a new window] ,
Nester M. Korolev Open the ORCID record for Nester M. Korolev [Opens in a new window] ,
Sergey G. Skublov ,
Dirk Müller ,
Qiu-Li Li  and
Xian-Hua Li
Aleksey E. Melnik*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beitucheng West Road 19, Beijing100029, China Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, nab. Makarova 2, St Petersburg199034, Russia
Nester M. Korolev
Affiliation:
Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, nab. Makarova 2, St Petersburg199034, Russia Saint-Petersburg State University, nab. Universitetskaya 7–9, St Petersburg199034, Russia
Sergey G. Skublov
Affiliation:
Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, nab. Makarova 2, St Petersburg199034, Russia Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21-ya Liniya 2, St Petersburg199106, Russia
Dirk Müller
Affiliation:
Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Qiu-Li Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beitucheng West Road 19, Beijing100029, China
Xian-Hua Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beitucheng West Road 19, Beijing100029, China
*
Author for correspondence: Aleksey E. Melnik, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Very few zircon-bearing, kimberlite-hosted mantle eclogite xenoliths have been identified to date; however, the zircon they contain is crucial for our understanding of subcratonic lithospheric mantle evolution and eclogite genesis. In this study, we constrain the characteristics of zircon from mantle eclogite xenoliths based on existing mineralogical and geochemical data from zircons from different geological settings, and on the inferred origin of mantle eclogites. Given the likely origin and subsequent evolution of mantle eclogites, we infer that the xenoliths can contain zircons with magmatic, metamorphic and xenogenic (i.e. kimberlitic zircon) origins. Magmatic zircon can be inherited from low-pressure mafic oceanic crust precursors, or might form during direct crystallization of eclogites from primary mantle-derived melts at mantle pressures. Metamorphic zircon within mantle eclogites has a number of possible origins, ranging from low-pressure hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crustal protoliths to metasomatism related to kimberlite magmatism. This study outlines a possible approach for the identification of inherited magmatic zircon within subduction-related mantle eclogites as well as xenogenic kimberlitic zircon within all types of mantle eclogites. We demonstrate this approach using zircon grains from kimberlite-hosted eclogite xenoliths from the Kasai Craton, which reveals that most, if not all, of these zircons were most likely incorporated as a result of laboratory-based contamination.

Keywords

zirconmantle eclogitexenolithmantlekimberlite
Type
Review Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 8 , August 2021 , pp. 1371 - 1382
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aulbach, S, Creaser, RA, Pearson, NJ, Simonetti, SS, Heaman, LM, Griffin, WL and Stachel, T (2009) Sulfide and whole rock Re–Os systematics of eclogite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Slave Craton, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 283, 48–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aulbach, S, Heaman, LM, Jacob, DE and Viljoen, KS (2019a) Ages and sources of mantle eclogites: ID-TIMS and in situ MC-ICPMS Pb–Sr isotope systematics of clinopyroxene. Chemical Geology 503, 15–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aulbach, S, Höfer, HE and Gerdes, A (2019b) High-Mg and low-Mg mantle eclogites from Koidu (West African Craton) linked by Neoproterozoic ultramafic melt metasomatism of subducted Archaean plateau-like oceanic crust. Journal of Petrology 60, 723–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aulbach, S and Jacob, DE (2016) Major- and trace-elements in cratonic mantle eclogites and pyroxenites reveal heterogeneous sources and metamorphic processing of low-pressure protoliths. Lithos 262, 586–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aulbach, S, Massuyeau, M, Garber, JM, Gerdes, A, Heaman, LM and Viljoen, KS (2020) Ultramafic carbonated melt- and auto-metasomatism in mantle eclogites: compositional effects and geophysical consequences. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 21, e2019GC008774. doi: 10.1029/2019GC008774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, AP and Wooden, JL (2010) Coupled elemental and isotopic analyses of polygenetic zircons from granitic rocks by ion microprobe, with implications for melt evolution and the sources of granitic magmas. Chemical Geology 277, 149–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belousova, EA, Griffin, WL, O’Reilly, SY and Fisher, NI (2002) Igneous zircon: trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143, 602–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boniface, N, Schenk, V and Appel, P (2012) Paleoproterozoic eclogites of MORB-type chemistry and three Proterozoic orogenic cycles in the Ubendian Belt (Tanzania): evidence from monazite and zircon geochronology, and geochemistry. Precambrian Research 192–195, 16–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouvier, AS, Ushikubo, T, Kita, NT, Cavosie, AJ, Kozdon, R and Valley, JW (2012) Li isotopes and trace elements as a petrogenetic tracer in zircon: insights from Archean TTGs and sanukitoids. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 163, 745–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, JR, Moser, DE, Valley, JW, Wooden, JL, Kita, NT and Mazdab, FK (2011) Zircon U–Pb isotope, δ18O and trace element response to 80 m.y. of high temperature metamorphism in the lower crust: sluggish diffusion and new records of Archean craton formation. American Journal of Science 311, 719–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavosie, AJ, Kita, NT and Valley, JW (2009) Primitive oxygen-isotope ratio recorded in magmatic zircon from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. American Mineralogist 94, 926–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, YD, O’Reilly, SY, Kinny, PD and Griffin, WL (1994) Dating lower crust and upper mantle events: an ion microprobe study of xenoliths from kimberlitic pipes, South Australia. Lithos 32, 77–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherniak, DJ, Hanchar, JM and Watson, EB (1997) Diffusion of tetravalent cations in zircon. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 127, 383–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, KM, Eiler, JM, Sims, KWW and Langmuir, CH (2009) Distribution of recycled crust within the upper mantle: insights from the oxygen isotope composition of MORB from the Australian–Antarctic discordance. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10. doi: 10.1029/2009GC002728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corfu, F, Hanchar, JM, Hoskin, PWO and Kinny, P (2003) Atlas of zircon textures. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 469–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, HW (2012) A revised diamond-graphite transition curve. American Mineralogist 97, 52–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobrzhinetskaya, L, Wirth, R and Green, H (2014) Diamonds in Earth’s oldest zircons from Jack Hills conglomerate, Australia, are contamination. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 387, 212–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eiler, JM (2001) Oxygen isotope variations of basaltic lavas and upper mantle rocks. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 43, 319–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Errico, JC, Barnes, JD, Strickland, A and Valley, JW (2013) Oxygen isotope zoning in garnets from Franciscan eclogite blocks: evidence for rock-buffered fluid interaction in the mantle wedge. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 166, 1161–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
François, C, Debaille, V, Paquette, JL, Baudet, D and Javaux, EJ (2018) The earliest evidence for modern-style plate tectonics recorded by HP–LT metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Scientific Reports 8, 15452. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33823-y.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gauthiez-Putallaz, L, Rubatto, D and Hermann, J (2016) Dating prograde fluid pulses during subduction by in situ U–Pb and oxygen isotope analysis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 171, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, WL and O’Reilly, SY (2007) Cratonic lithospheric mantle: is anything subducted? Episodes 30, 43–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimes, CB, John, BE, Cheadle, MJ, Mazdab, FK, Wooden, JL, Swapp, S and Schwartz, JJ (2009) On the occurrence, trace element geochemistry, and crystallization history of zircon from in situ ocean lithosphere. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 158, 757–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimes, CB, Ushikubo, T, John, BE and Valley, JW (2011) Uniformly mantle-like δ18O in zircons from oceanic plagiogranites and gabbros. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 161, 13–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmon, RS and Hoefs, J (1995) Oxygen isotope heterogeneity of the mantle deduced from global 18O systematics of basalts from different geotectonic settings. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 120, 95–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasterok, D and Chapman, DS (2011) Heat production and geotherms for the continental lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 307, 59–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaman, LM, Creaser, RA and Cookenboo, HO (2002) Extreme enrichment of high field strength elements in Jericho eclogite xenoliths: a cryptic record of Paleoproterozoic subduction, partial melting, and metasomatism beneath the Slave craton, Canada. Geology 30, 507–10.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaman, LM, Creaser, RA, Cookenboo, HO and Chacko, T (2006) Multi-stage modification of the northern Slave mantle lithosphere: evidence from zircon- and diamond-bearing eclogite xenoliths entrained in Jericho Kimberlite, Canada. Journal of Petrology 47, 821–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helmstaedt, H and Doig, R (1975) Eclogite nodules from kimberlite pipes of the Colorado Plateau – samples of subducted Franciscan-type oceanic lithosphere. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 9, 95–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskin, PWO and Schaltegger, U (2003) The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 27–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, JX, Griffin, WL, Gréau, Y, Pearson, NJ, O’Reilly, SY, Cliff, J and Martin, L (2014) Unmasking xenolithic eclogites: progressive metasomatism of a key Roberts Victor sample. Chemical Geology 364, 56–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, DE (2004) Nature and origin of eclogite xenoliths from kimberlites. Lithos 77, 295–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, DE, Bizimis, M and Salters, VJ (2005) Lu–Hf and geochemical systematics of recycled ancient oceanic crust: evidence from Roberts Victor eclogites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 148, 707–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, DE and Foley, SF (1999) Evidence for Archean ocean crust with low high field strength element signature from diamondiferous eclogite xenoliths. Lithos 48, 317–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, D, Jagoutz, E, Lowry, D, Mattey, D and Kudrjavtseva, G (1994) Diamondiferous eclogites from Siberia: remnants of Archean oceanic crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 5191–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamber, BS and Collerson, KD (2000) Role of ‘hidden’ deeply subducted slabs in mantle depletion. Chemical Geology 166, 241–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopylova, MG, Russell, JK and Cookenboo, H (1999) Petrology of peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Jericho Kimberlite: implications for the thermal state of the mantle beneath the Slave Craton, Northern Canada. Journal of Petrology 40, 79–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korolev, NM, Melnik, AE, Li, X-H and Skublov, SG (2018) The oxygen isotope composition of mantle eclogites as a proxy of their origin and evolution: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 185, 288–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korolev, NM, Nikitina, LP, Goncharov, A, Dubinina, EO, Melnik, AE, Müller, D, Chen, Y-X, and Zinchenko, VN (submitted) Origin of mantle eclogites from the Catoca pipe (Kasai Craton, Western Africa): three eclogite lithologies from two layers of oceanic crust. Journal of Petrology.Google Scholar
Korolev, NM, Nikitina, LP, Melnik, AE and Zinchenko, VN (2017) Origin of upper mantle eclogites from the Catoca pipe (N.-E. Angola). International Kimberlite Conference: Extended Abstracts 11, doi: 10.29173/ikc3911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, JKW, Williams, IS and Ellis, DJ (1997) Pb, U and Th diffusion in natural zircon. Nature 390, 159–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, XH, Li, QL, Liu, Y and Tang, GQ (2011) Further characterization of M257 zircon standard: a working reference for SIMS analysis of Li isotopes. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 26, 352–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litasov, KD, Kagi, H, Voropaev, SA, Hirata, T, Ohfuji, H, Ishibashi, H, Makino, Y, Bekker, TB, Sevastyanov, VS, Afanasiev, VP and Pokhilenko, NP (2019) Comparison of enigmatic diamonds from the Tolbachik arc volcano (Kamchatka) and Tibetan ophiolites: assessing the role of contamination by synthetic materials. Gondwana Research 75, 16–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loose, D and Schenk, V (2018) 2.09 Ga old eclogites in the Eburnian–Transamazonian orogen of southern Cameroon: significance for Palaeoproterozoic plate tectonics. Precambrian Research 304, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonough, WF and Sun, SS (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 120, 223–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, D (2009) A new formulation of garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometer based on accumulation and statistical analysis of a large experimental data set. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 27, 495–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikitina, LP, Bogomolov, ES, Krymsky, RS, Belyatsky, BV, Korolev, NM and Zinchenko, VN (2017) Nd–Sr–Os systems of eclogites in the lithospheric mantle of the Kasai Craton (Angola). Russian Geology and Geophysics 58, 1305–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikitina, LP, Korolev, NM, Zinchenko, VN and Felix, JT (2014) Eclogites from the upper mantle beneath the Kasai Craton (Western Africa): petrography, whole-rock geochemistry and UPb zircon age. Precambrian Research 249, 13–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikitina, LP, Marin, YB, Skublov, SG, Korolev, NM, Saltykova, AK, Zinchenko, VN and Chissupa, HM (2012) U–Pb age and geochemistry of zircon from mantle xenoliths of the Katoka and Kat-115 kimberlitic pipes (Republic of Angola). Doklady Earth Sciences 445, 840–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, FZ, Essene, EJ, Mukasa, SB and Valley, JW (2014) A garnet-zircon oxygen isotope record of subduction and exhumation fluids from the Franciscan complex, California. Journal of Petrology 55, 103–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, FZ, Fu, B, Kita, NT, Fournelle, J, Spicuzza, MJ, Schulze, DJ, Viljoen, F, Basei, MAS and Valley, JW (2007) Zircons from kimberlite: new insights from oxygen isotopes, trace elements, and Ti in zircon thermometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, 3887–903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, DG, Snyder, GA, Shirey, SB, Taylor, LA, Carlson, RW and Sobolev, NV (1995) Archaean Re–Os age for Siberian eclogites and constraints on Archaean tectonics. Nature 374, 711–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robles-Cruz, SE, Escayola, M, Jackson, S, Galí, S, Pervov, V, Watangua, M, Gonçalves, A and Melgarejo, JC (2012) U–Pb SHRIMP geochronology of zircon from the Catoca kimberlite, Angola: implications for diamond exploration. Chemical Geology 310–311, 137–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubatto, D (2002) Zircon trace element geochemistry: partitioning with garnet and the link between U–Pb ages and metamorphism. Chemical Geology 184, 123–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubatto, D (2017) Zircon: the metamorphic mineral. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 83, 261–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubatto, D and Angiboust, S (2015) Oxygen isotope record of oceanic and high-pressure metasomatism: a P–T–time–fluid path for the Monviso eclogites (Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 170, 44. doi: 10.1007/s00410-015-1198-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubatto, D and Hermann, J (2003) Zircon formation during fluid circulation in eclogites (Monviso, Western Alps): implications for Zr and Hf budget in subduction zones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67, 2173–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubatto, D and Hermann, J (2007) Zircon behaviour in deeply subducted rocks. Elements 3, 31–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubatto, D and Scambelluri, M (2003) U–Pb dating of magmatic zircon and metamorphic baddeleyite in the Ligurian eclogites (Voltri Massif, Western Alps). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 146, 341–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidberger, SS, Heaman, LM, Simonetti, A, Creaser, RA and Cookenboo, HO (2005) Formation of Paleoproterozoic eclogitic mantle, Slave Province (Canada): insights from in-situ Hf and U–Pb isotopic analyses of mantle zircons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 240, 621–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitz, M, Shirey, S and Carlson, R (2003) High-precision U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf isotopic systematics of zircons in southern African cratonic mantle eclogites and implications for subcontinental lithospheric mantle evolution and metasomatism. International Kimberlite Conference: Extended Abstracts 8, doi: 10.29173/ikc3160.Google Scholar
Schulze, DJ (1989) Constraints on the abundance of eclogite in the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 4205–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shchukina, EV, Agashev, AM, Golovin, NN and Pokhilenko, NP (2015) Equigranular eclogites from the V. Grib kimberlite pipe: evidence for Paleoproterozoic subduction on the territory of the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province. Doklady Earth Sciences 462, 497–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shchukina, EV, Agashev, AM and Zedgenizov, DA (2018) Origin of zircon-bearing mantle eclogites entrained in the V. Grib kimberlite (Arkhangelsk region, NW Russia): evidence from mineral geochemistry and the U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope compositions of zircon. Mineralogy and Petrology 112, 85–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirey, SB, Carlson, RW, Richardson, SH, Menzies, A, Gurney, JJ, Pearson, DG, Harris, JW and Wiechert, U (2001) Archean emplacement of eclogitic components into the lithospheric mantle during formation of the Kaapvaal Craton. Geophysical Research Letters 28, 2509–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirey, SB and Richardson, SH (2011) Start of the Wilson Cycle at 3 Ga shown by diamonds from subcontinental mantle. Science 333, 434–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shu, Q, Brey, GP, Gerdes, A and Hoefer, HE (2014) Mantle eclogites and garnet pyroxenites – the meaning of two-point isochrons, Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf closure temperatures and the cooling of the subcratonic mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 389, 143–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skublov, SG, Berezin, AV and Berezhnaya, NG (2012a) General relations in the trace-element composition of zircons from eclogites with implications for the age of eclogites in the belomorian mobile belt. Petrology 20, 427–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skublov, SG, Nikitina, LP, Marin, YB, Levskii, LK and Guseva, NS (2012b) U–Pb age and geochemistry of zircons from xenoliths of the V. Grib kimberlitic pipe, Arkhangelsk diamond province. Doklady Earth Sciences 444, 595–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skublov, SG, Shchukina, EV, Guseva, NS, Mal’kovets, VG and Golovin, NN (2011) Geochemical characteristics of zircons from xenoliths in the V. Grib Kimberlite Pipe, Archangelsk Diamondiferous Province. Geochemistry International 49, 415–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smart, KA, Heaman, LM, Chacko, T, Simonetti, A, Kopylova, M, Mah, D and Daniels, D (2009) The origin of high-MgO diamond eclogites from the Jericho Kimberlite, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 284, 527–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, D, Connelly, JN, Manser, K, Moser, DE, Housh, TB, McDowell, FW and Mack, LE (2004) Evolution of Navajo eclogites and hydration of the mantle wedge below the Colorado Plateau, southwestern United States. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 5, Q04005. doi: 10.1029/2003GC000675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spandler, C, Hermann, J and Rubatto, D (2004) Exsolution of thortveitite, yttrialite, and xenotime during low-temperature recrystallization of zircon from New Caledonia, and their significance for trace element incorporation in zircon. American Mineralogist 89, 1795–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, J, Tappe, S, Kostrovitsky, SI, Liu, CZ, Skuzovatov, SY and Wu, FY (2018) Mantle sources of kimberlites through time: a U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope study of zircon megacrysts from the Siberian diamond fields. Chemical Geology 479, 228–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsujimori, T and Ernst, WG (2014) Lawsonite blueschists and lawsonite eclogites as proxies for palaeo-subduction zone processes: a review. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 32, 437–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsujimori, T, Sisson, VB, Liou, JG, Harlow, GE and Sorensen, SS (2006) Very-low-temperature record of the subduction process: a review of worldwide lawsonite eclogites. Lithos 92, 609–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ushikubo, T, Kita, NT, Cavosie, AJ, Wilde, SA, Rudnick, RL and Valley, JW (2008) Lithium in Jack Hills zircons: evidence for extensive weathering of Earth’s earliest crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 272, 666–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usui, T, Kobayashi, K and Nakamura, E (2002) U–Pb isotope systematics of microzircon inclusions: implications for the age and origin of eclogite xenolith from the Colorado Plateau. Proceedings of the Japan Academy 78, 51–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usui, T, Nakamura, E and Helmstaedt, H (2006) Petrology and geochemistry of eclogite xenoliths from the Colorado Plateau: implications for the evolution of subducted oceanic crust. Journal of Petrology 47, 929–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usui, T, Nakamura, E, Kobayashi, K, Maruyama, S and Helmstaedt, H (2003) Fate of the subducted Farallon plate inferred from eclogite xenoliths in the Colorado Plateau. Geology 31, 589–92.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valley, JW, Kinny, PD, Schulze, DJ and Spicuzza, MJ (1998) Zircon megacrysts from kimberlite: oxygen isotope variability among mantle melts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 133, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z, Bucholz, C, Skinner, B, Shimizu, N and Eiler, J (2011) Oxygen isotope constraints on the origin of high-Cr garnets from kimberlites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 312, 337–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehouse, MJ and Platt, JP (2003) Dating high-grade metamorphism – constraints from rare-earth elements in zircon and garnet. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 145, 61–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zartman, RE and Richardson, SH (2005) Evidence from kimberlitic zircon for a decreasing mantle Th/U since the Archean. Chemical Geology 220, 263–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Melnik et al. supplementary material

Tables S1-S2

Download Melnik et al. supplementary material(File)
File 50.7 KB