Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:41:22.024Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Uppermost Cambrian carbon chemostratigraphy: the HERB and undocumented TOCE events are not synonymous

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2020

Ed Landing Open the ORCID record for Ed Landing [Opens in a new window] ,
Robert L. Ripperdan  and
Gerd Geyer Open the ORCID record for Gerd Geyer [Opens in a new window]
Ed Landing*
Affiliation:
New York State Museum, 222 Madison Avenue, Albany, NY12230, USA
Robert L. Ripperdan
Affiliation:
Montgomery County Public Schools, Montgomery City, MO63361, USA
Gerd Geyer
Affiliation:
Lehrstuhl für Geodynamik und Geomaterialforschung, Institut für Geographie und Geologie, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
*
Author for correspondence: Ed Landing, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Chemostratigraphic units require consistent definitions and unambiguous names. So-called TOCE (Top of Cambrian Excursion) is used as an uppermost Cambrian δ13Ccarb negative excursion although it was proposed without documentation, is ambiguously defined, and variably correlated into four Laurentian trilobite zones. TOCE, a nihilartikel, is regularly substituted to the exclusion of the earlier named, precisely documented and geochronologically older HERB (Hellnmaria-Red Tops Boundary) Event. HERB allows late Cambrian global correlation; its onset is close to the lowest occurrence of the conodont Eoconodontus notchpeakensis at the base of a proposed replacement (Lawsonian Stage) of Cambrian Stage 10. TOCE must be retired from use and abandoned as a synonym of the HERB Event.

Keywords

Cambriancarbon isotopesHERB excursionTOCE
Type
Rapid Communication
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Issue 8 , August 2020 , pp. 1373 - 1377
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahlberg, P, Lundberg, F, Erlström, M, Calner, M, Lindskog, A, Dahlqvist, P and Joachiimski, MM (2019) Integrated Cambrian biostratigraphy and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of the Grönhögen-2015 drill core, Öland, Sweden. Geological Magazine 156, 935–49, doi: 10.1017/S00167568180002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azmy, K (2019) Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the uppermost Cambrian in eastern Laurentia: Implications for global correlation. Geological Magazine 156, 759–71, doi: 10.1017/S001675681800002X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brasier, MD (1993) Towards a carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Cambrian System: Potential of the Great Basin succession. In High Resolution Stratigraphy (eds Hailwood, EA and Kidd, RB), pp. 341–50. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 70.Google Scholar
Fluegeman, RH, Brett, CE and Pratt, BR (2017) Chemostratigraphy and the North American Stratigraphic Code: Is there a reason for formal units? Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 49, doi: 10.1130/abs/2017AM-306393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvis, I, Gale, AS, Jenkyns, HC and Pearce, MA (2006) Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: A new δ13C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma). Geological Magazine 143, 561–608, doi: 10.1017/S0016756806002421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E, Rushton, AWA, Fortey, RA and Bowring, SA (2015) Improved geochronologic accuracy and precision for the ICS Chronostratigraphic Charts: examples from the late Cambrian–Early Ordovician. Episodes 38, 154–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E, Westrop, SR and Adrain, JM (2011) The Lawsonian Stage—the Eoconodontus notchpeakensis (Miller, 1969) FAD and HERB carbon isotope excursion define a globally correlatable terminal Cambrian stage. Bulletin of Geosciences 86, 621–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E, Westrop, SR and Miller, JF (2010) Globally practical base for the uppermost Cambrian (Stage 10): FAD of the conodont Eoconodontus notchpeakensis and the Housian (sic, “Lawsonian” as in abstract) Stage. In The 15th Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group (eds O Fatka and P Budil), p. 18. Abstracts and Excursion Guide, Prague Czech Republic and south-eastern Germany Czech Geological Survey, 108 p.Google Scholar
Li, DD, Zhang, XL, Chen, K, Zhang, G, Chen, XY, Huang, W, Peng, SC and Shen, Y (2017) High resolution C-isotope chemostratigraphy of the uppermost Cambrian stage (Stage 10) in South China: implications for defining the base of Stage 10 and palaeoenvironmental change. Geological Magazine 154, 1232–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, CS, Peterse, F, da Silva, A-C, Baranyi, V, Reichart, GJ, Wolfram, M and Kürschner, WM (2017) Astronomical age constraints and extinction mechanisms of the Late Triassic Carnian crisis. Scientific Reports 7, 2557, doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02817-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, JF, Ethington, RL, Evans, KR, Holmer, LE, Loch, JD, Popov, LE, Repetski, JE, Ripperdan, RL and Taylor, JF (2006) Proposed stratotype for the base of the highest Cambrian stage at the first appearance datum of Cordylodus andresi, Lawson Cove section, Utah, USA. Palaeoworld 15, 384–405, doi: 10.1016/j.palwor.2006.10.017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, JF, Evans, KR, Freeman, RL, Loch, JD, Ripperdan, RL and Taylor, JF (2018) Combining biostratigraphy, carbon isotope stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy to define the base of Cambrian Stage 10. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 51, 19–64.Google Scholar
Miller, JF, Evans, KR, Freeman, R, Ripperdan, R and Taylor, JF (2011) Global stratotype of the Lawsonian Stage. Bulletin of Geosciences 86, 595–620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, JF, Evans, KR, Freeman, R, Ripperdan, RL and Taylor, JF (2014) The proposed GSSP for the base of Cambrian Stage 10 at the First Appearance Datum of the conodont Eoconodontus notchpeakensis (Miller, 1969) in the House Range, Utah, USA. GFF 136, 189–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, JF, Ripperdan, RL, Loch, JD, Freeman, RL, Evans, KR, Taylor, JF and Tolbart, ZC (2015) Proposed GSSP for the base of Cambrian Stage 10 at the lowest occurrence of Eoconodontus notchpeakensis in the House Range, Utah, USA. Annales de Paléontologie 101, 199–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, MA and Salvador, A (1999) International stratigraphic guide—An abridged version. Episodes 22, 255–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
North American Committee on Stratigraphic Nomenclature (2005) North American Stratigraphic Code. AAPG Bulletin 89, 1547–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, AR (1965) Biomere, a new kind of biostratigraphic unit. Journal of Paleontology 39, 149–53.Google Scholar
Palmer, AR (1979) Biomere boundaries re-examined. Alcheringa 3, 33–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, AR (1981) Subdivision of the Sauk Sequence. In Short papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System (ed. ME Taylor), pp. 160–2. US Geological Survey, Open File Report 81-743.Google Scholar
Palmer, AR (1998) A proposed nomenclature for stages and series for the Cambrian of Laurentia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, 323–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, S and Babcock, LE (2008) Cambrian Period. In The Concise Geologic Time Scale (eds Ogg, J, Ogg, G and Gradstein, FM), pp. 37–46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peng, S, Babcock, LE and Cooper, RA (2012) The Cambrian Period. In The Geologic Time Scale 2012 (eds Gradstein, FM, Ogg, JG, Schmitz, M and Ogg, G), pp. 437–88. Amsterdam: Elsevier BV.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ripperdan, RL (2002) The HERB Event: end of Cambrian carbon cycle paradigm? Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 34, 413.Google Scholar
Ripperdan, RL, Magaritz, M and Kirschvink, JL (1993) Carbon isotope and magnetic polarity evidence for non-depositional events within the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary section near Dayangcha, Jilin Province, China. Geological Magazine 130(4), 443–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ripperdan, RL, Magaritz, M, Nicoll, RS and Shergold, JS (1992) Simultaneous changes in carbon isotopes, sea level, and conodont biozones within Cambrian–Ordovician boundary interval at Black Mountain, Australia. Geology 20, 1039–42, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1039:SCICIS>2.3.CO;2.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ripperdan, RL and Miller, JF (1995) Carbon isotope ratios from the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary section at Lawson Cove, Wah Wah Mountains, Utah. In Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System (ed. JD Cooper), pp. 129–32. SEPM, Pacific Section, 77.Google Scholar
Saltzman, MR and Thomas, E (2012) Carbon isotope stratigraphy. In The Geologic Time Scale 2012 (eds Gradstein, FM, Ogg, JG, Schmitz, M and Ogg, G), pp. 207–32. Amsterdam: Elsevier BV.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scorrer, S, Azmy, K and Stouge, S (2018) Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the Furongian Berry Head Formation (Port au Port Group) and Tremadocian Watts Bight Formation (St. George Group), western Newfoundland, and its correlative significance. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 223–34, doi: 10.1139/cjes-2018-0059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sial, AN, Peralta, S, Ferriera, VP, Toselli, AJ, Aceñolaza, FG, Parada, MA, Gaucher, C, Alonso, RN and Pimental, MM (2008) Upper Cambrian carbonate sequences of the Argentine Precordillera and the Steptoean C-Isotope Positive Excursion (SPICE). Gondwana Research 13, 437–52, doi: 10.1018/j.gr.2007.05.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sial, AN, Peralta, S, Gaucher, C, Toselli, AJ, Ferriera, VP, Frei, R, Parada, MA, Pimental, MM and Silva Pereira, N (2013) High resolution stable isotope stratigraphy of upper Cambrian and Ordovician in the Argentine Precordillera: Carbon isotope excursions and correlations. Gondwana Research 24, 330–48, doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2012.10.014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, JF (2006) History and status of the biomere concept. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 32, 247–65.Google Scholar
Terfelt, F, Eriksson, ME and Schmitz, B (2014) The Cambrian–Ordovician transition in dysoxic facies in Baltica — diverse faunas and carbon isotope anomalies. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 394, 59–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, M-Y, Babcock, LE and Peng, S-C (2006) Advances in Cambrian stratigraphy and paleontology: Integrating correlation techniques, paleobiology, taphonomy and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Palaeoworld 15, 217–22, doi: 10.1016/j.palwor.2006.10.016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar