Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T06:37:37.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The significance of the proximal end of Cryptograptus tricornis (Carruthers) (Graptolithina)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

I. Strachan
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.

Abstract

Young stages isolated from limestone from Girvan indicate that the first two thecae had unsclerotized walls but apertural rings showing that they opened downwards beside the sicula. The development can thus be matched with that of Glossograptus and the two families Glossograptidae and Cryptograptidae merged. The recognition of downward-opening thecae in C. tricornis allows the earlier species C. schaeferi to be more easily accommodated in the genus. Relationships in the family are reviewed.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bulman, O. M. B. 1938. The proximal end of Cryptographs Geological Magazine 75, 539–43.Google Scholar
Bulman, O. M. B. 1945. A monograph of the Caradoc (Balclatchie) graptolites from limestones in Laggan Burn, Ayrshire. Part 1. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 142, pls 1–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulman, O. M. B. 1955. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology. Part V. Graptolithina. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. 101 pp.Google Scholar
Bulman, O. M. B. 1970. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology. Part V. Graptolithina, 2nd Edition. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. 163 pp.Google Scholar
Carruthers, W. 1858. Dumfriesshire graptolites, with descriptions of three new species. Proceeding of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh 1, 466–70.Google Scholar
Carruthers, W. 1868. A revision of the British graptolites, with descriptions of the new species, and notes on their affinities. Geological Magazine 5, 6474, 125133, pl. 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenack, A. 1951. Retioliten aus dem Graptolithengestein. Palaeontographica Bd. 100, Abt. A, Lieferung 5–6, pp. 129–63, pls 21–25.Google Scholar
Elles, G. L. & Wood, E. M. R. 1908. Monograph of British graptolites, part 7. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 273358, pls 32–35.Google Scholar
Emmons, E. 1855. American Geology. Vol. 1. Albany. 251 pp., 18 pls.Google Scholar
Finney, S. C. 1978.The affinities of Isograptus, Glossograptus, Cryptograptus, Corynoides, and allied graptolites. Acta palaeontologica polonica 23, 481–95.Google Scholar
Hadding, A. 1913. Undre dicellograptusskiffern i Skåne. Lunds Universitets Årsskrift, NF. Afd. 2, Bd 9, Nr 15. 92 pp., 8 pls.Google Scholar
Hadding, A. 1915. Om Glossograptus, Cryptograptus och tvenne dem närstående graptolitsläkten. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, Bd 37, Heft 4, pp. 303–36. pls 5, 6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J. 1859. Descriptions and figures of the organic remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sandstone. Palaeontology of New York, vol. 3, Supplement to vol. 1. Albany. 532 pp.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1865 Figures and descriptions of Canadian organic remains. Decade 2. Graptolites of the Quebec Group. Montreal: Geological Survey of Canada. 151 pp., 23 pls.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, W. & Thomas, D. E. 1935. Victorian graptolites (New Series). Part 3. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 47 (N.S.), part 2, 288313.Google Scholar
Hede, J. E. 1951. Boring through Middle Ordovician-Upper Cambrian strata in the Fågelsång District, Scania (Sweden). Lunds Universitets Årsskrift, NF., Avd. 2, 46, no. 7, pp. 178, 3 pls.Google Scholar
Jaanusson, V. 1960. Graptoloids from the Ontikan and Viruan (Ordov.) Limestones of Estonia and Sweden. Bulletin of the geological Institute of the University of Uppsala 38, 289366, 5 pls.Google Scholar
Jackson, D. E. 1962. Graptolite zones in the Skiddaw Group in Cumberland, England. Journal of Paleontology 36, 300–13.Google Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1873. On an improved classification of the Rhabdophora. Geological Magazine 10, 500–4, 555–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1880. On new British graptolites. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, vol. 5, pp. 149–77, pl. 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mu, A. T. & Lee, C. K. 1958. Scandent graptolites from the Ningkuo Shale of the Kiangshan–Changshan area, Western Chekiang. Acta palaeontologica sinica 6, 391427, 5 pls.Google Scholar
Mu, A. T. & Lee, C. K. 1960. Bi shi [Graptolites]. Peking. 116 pp. [In Chinese.]Google Scholar
Mu, A. T., Lee, C. K., Geh, M. Y. & Yin, J. K. 1962. Graptolites of Chilianshan. Chilianshan geological records, vol. 4, pt. 2. Beijing: Science Press. 168 pp., 32 pls. [In Chinese.]Google Scholar
Mu, Enzhi, Ge, Meiyou, Chen, Xu, Ni, Yunan & Lin, Yaokun. 1979. Lower Orodovician graptolites of southwest China. Palaeontologica sinica, Whole Number 156, New Series B, Number 13. 192 pp., 48 pls. Beijing: Science Press. [Chinese with English summary.]Google Scholar
Rickards, R. B. 1972. The Ordovician graptolite genus Paraglossograptus Mu Geological Magazine 109, 99113.Google Scholar
Ruedemann, R. 1908. Graptolites of New York. Part 2. Memoirs. New York State Museum of Natural History no. 11. Albany. 583 pp., 31 pls.Google Scholar
Ruedemann, R. 1947. Graptolites of North America. Memoirs. Geological Society of America no. 19. 650 pp., 92 pls.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skevington, D. 1970. A Lower Llanvirn graptolite fauna from the Skiddaw Slates, Westmorland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 37 (4), no. 18, 395444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skevington, D. & Sturt, B. A. 1967. Faunal evidence bearing on the age of Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician metamorphism in Britain and Norway. Nature, London 215, no. 5101, 608–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strachan, I. 1969. A redescription of W. Carruthers' type graptolites. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 17 (4) 185208, 5 pls.Google Scholar
Thomas, D. E. 1960. The zonal distribution of Australian graptolites. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 94, 158, pls 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tullberg, S. A. 1880. Tvenne nya graptolitslägten. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, Bd. 5, pp. 313–15, pl. 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittington, H. B. & Rickards, R. B. 1969. Development of Glossograptus and Skiagraptus, Ordovician graptoloids from Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 43, 800–17, pls 101–102.Google Scholar
Wiman, C. 1895, Über die Graptolithen. Bulletin of the Geological Institute of Upsala 2, 239316, pls 9–13.Google Scholar