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A revised chronostratigraphic framework for International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 sites in Laxmi Basin, eastern Arabian Sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2019

Claire M. Routledge ,
Denise K. Kulhanek Open the ORCID record for Denise K. Kulhanek [Opens in a new window] ,
Lisa Tauxe ,
Giancarlo Scardia ,
Arun D. Singh Open the ORCID record for Arun D. Singh [Opens in a new window] ,
Stephan Steinke ,
Elizabeth M. Griffith  and
Rajeev Saraswat Open the ORCID record for Rajeev Saraswat [Opens in a new window]
Claire M. Routledge
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Denise K. Kulhanek*
Affiliation:
International Ocean Discovery Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
Lisa Tauxe
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0220, USA
Giancarlo Scardia
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro 19014-020, Brazil
Arun D. Singh
Affiliation:
Center of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
Stephan Steinke
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Oceanography and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
Elizabeth M. Griffith
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Rajeev Saraswat
Affiliation:
Geological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
*
*Author for correspondence: Denise K. Kulhanek, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 drilled Sites U1456 and U1457 in Laxmi Basin (eastern Arabian Sea) to document the impact of the South Asian monsoon on weathering and erosion of the Himalaya. We revised the chronostratigraphic framework for these sites using a combination of biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and strontium isotope stratigraphy. The sedimentary section at the two sites is similar and we divided it into six units bounded by unconformities or emplaced as a mass-transport deposit (MTD). Unit 1 underlies the MTD, and is of early–middle Miocene age at Site U1456 and early Paleocene age at Site U1457. An unconformity (U1) created by emplacement of the MTD (unit 2) during the late Miocene Epoch (at c. 9.83–9.69 Ma) separates units 1 and 2 and is identified by a marked change in lithology. Unit 3 consists of hemipelagic sediment with thin interbeds of graded sandstone of late Miocene age, separated from unit 4 by a second unconformity (U2) of 0.5–0.9 Myr duration. Unit 4 consists of upper Miocene interbedded mudstone and sandstone and hemipelagic chalk deposited between c. 8 and 6 Ma. A c. 1.4–1.6 Myr hiatus (U3) encompasses the Miocene–Pliocene boundary and separates unit 4 from unit 5. Unit 5 includes upper Pliocene – lower Pleistocene siliciclastic sediment that is separated from unit 6 by a c. 0.45 Myr hiatus (U4) in the lower Pleistocene sediments. Unit 6 includes a thick package of rapidly deposited Pleistocene sand and mud overlain by predominantly hemipelagic sediment deposited since c. 1.2 Ma.

Keywords

biostratigraphymagnetostratigraphyIODP Sites U1456 and U1457Indus FanNeogene
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Special Issue 6: Climate-tectonic interactions in the eastern Arabian Sea , June 2020 , pp. 961 - 978
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019

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