Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:25:27.313Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Origin of Devonian mafic magmatism in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for continental exhumation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2020

You-Jun Tang ,
Bin Liu Open the ORCID record for Bin Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Mei-Jun Li ,
Yue Wu ,
Jian Huang ,
Shao-Qing Zhao  and
Yang Sun
You-Jun Tang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China
Bin Liu*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing102249, China School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China
Mei-Jun Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing102249, China
Yue Wu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China
Jian Huang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan430074, China
Shao-Qing Zhao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China
Yang Sun
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan430100, China
*
Author for correspondence: Bin Liu, Email: [email protected];[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the zircon geochronology, geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope geology of Devonian mafic rocks developed in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau, and reveals their mantle sources, petrogenesis and geodynamic implications for continental exhumation. The zircon geochronology of typical samples indicates that these mafic rocks crystallized at 406∼408 Ma. They can be classified into two different groups based on petrographic observations and geochemical compositions. Group 1 rocks exhibit low TiO2 and FeOt contents and Nb/Y ratios and have enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB)-like compositions with slight negative Nb and Ta anomalies. However, Group 2 rocks have distinctly high TiO2 and FeOt contents and Nb/Y ratios, comparable to typical Fe–Ti-rich mafic rocks worldwide. All the samples exhibit weak enrichments in light rare earth elements, Nb and Ta relative to the primitive mantle. Based on geochemical and isotopic studies, Group 1 rocks are suggested to be derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle that was metasomatized by c. 3–5 % continental crustal components, while Group 2 rocks originated from partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle. The high contents of Fe, Ti and Nb for Group 2 rocks could be attributed to a high degree of olivine crystallization under low fO2 conditions with delayed nucleation of Fe–Ti oxides. Combining those results with other geological data, we conclude that slab break-off was the key factor causing exhumation of eclogites and triggering flare-up of the Devonian magmatism, and that continental collision or continental subduction may have initiated at 431∼436 Ma.

Keywords

mafic magmatismcontinental exhumationmagmatic flare-upDevonianEastern Kunlun
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Issue 8 , August 2020 , pp. 1265 - 1280
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aden, A and Frizzo, P (1996) Geochemistry and origin of low and high TiO2 mafic rocks in the Barkasan complex: a comparison with common Neoproterozoic gabbros of northern Somali crystalline basement. Journal of African Earth Sciences 22, 43–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ba, J, Chen, NS, Wang, QY, Wang, XY, Zhang, L and Wang, SQ (2012) Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic compositions of cordierite granite on southern margin of the Qaidam block, NW China, and constraints on its petrogenesis, tectonic affinity of source region and tectonic implications. Earth Science – Journal of China University of Geosciences 37, 80–92 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Bi, H, Song, SG, Dong, JL, Yang, LM, Qi, SS and Allen, MB (2018) First discovery of coesite in eclogite from East Kunlun, northwest China. Science Bulletin 63, 1536–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bian, QT, Li, DH, Pospelov, I, Yin, LM, Li, HS, Zhao, DS, Chang, CF, Luo, XQ, Gao, SL, Astrakhantsev, Q and Chamov, N (2004) Age, geochemistry, and tectonic setting of Buqingshan ophiolites, North Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 23, 577–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonin, B (2004) Do coeval mafic and felsic magmas in post-collisional to within-plate regimes necessarily imply two contrasting, mantle and crustal, sources? A review. Lithos 78, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, CK, Larsen, LM and Nielsen, TFD (1991) Importance of iron-rich tholeiitic magmas at divergent plate margins: a reappraisal. Geology 19, 269–72.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, YX, Pei, XZ, Li, RB, Liu, ZQ, Li, ZC, Zhang, XF, Chen, GC, Liu, ZG, Ding, SP and Guo, JF (2011) Zircon U–Pb age of Xiaomiao Formation of Proterozoic in the eastern section of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Geoscience 25, 510–21 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Chung, S, Chu, M, Zhang, Y, Xie, Y, Lo, C, Lee, T, Lan, C, Li, X, Zhang, Q and Wang, Y (2005) Tibetan tectonic evolution inferred from spatial and temporal variations in post-collisional magmatism. Earth-Science Reviews 68, 173–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corfu, F, Hanchar, JM, Hoskin, P and Kinny, P (2003) Atlas of zircon textures. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 469–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cui, MH, Meng, FC and Wu, XK (2011) Early Ordovician island arc of Qimantag Mountain, eastern Kunlun: evidences from geochemistry, Sm-Nd isotope and geochronology of intermediate-basic igneous rocks. Acta Petrologica Sinica 27, 3365–79 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Dai, L, Zhao, Z, Zheng, Y and Zhang, J (2012) The nature of orogenic lithospheric mantle: geochemical constraints from postcollisional mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Dabie orogen. Chemical Geology 334, 99–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, HJ and Von Blanckenburg, F (1995) Slab breakoff: a model of lithosphere detachment and its test in the magmatism and deformation of collisional orogens. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 129, 85–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Defant, MJ and Drummond, MS (1990) Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature 347, 662–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DePaolo, DJ (1981) Trace element and isotopic effects of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 53, 189–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dokuz, A (2011) A slab detachment and delamination model for the generation of Carboniferous high-potassium I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: the Köse composite pluton. Gondwana Research 19, 926–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, YP, He, DF, Sun, SY, Liu, XM, Zhou, XH, Zhang, FF, Yang, Z, Cheng, B, Zhao, GC and Li, JH (2018) Subduction and accretionary tectonics of the East Kunlun orogen, western segment of the Central China Orogenic System. Earth-Science Reviews 186, 231–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fantle, MS and DePaolo, DJ (2006) Sr isotopes and pore fluid chemistry in carbonate sediment of the Ontong Java Plateau: calcite recrystallization rates and evidence for a rapid rise in seawater Mg over the last 10 million years. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, 3883–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, S, Rudnick, RL, Yuan, HL, Liu, XM, Liu, YS, Xu, WL, Ling, WL, Ayers, J, Wang, XC and Wang, QH (2004) Recycling lower continental crust in the North China craton. Nature 432, 892–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gao, XF, Xiao, PX, Xie, CR, Fan, LY, Guo, L and Xi, RG (2010) Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating and geological significance of Bashierxi granite in the eastern Kunlun area, China. Geological Bulletin of China 29, 1001–8 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Garzanti, E, Radeff, G and Malusà, MG (2018) Slab breakoff: a critical appraisal of a geological theory as applied in space and time. Earth-Science Reviews 177, 303–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, SA (2002) Major element heterogeneity in Archean to recent mantle plume starting-heads. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 195, 59–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halama, R, Marks, M, Brügmann, G, Siebel, W, Wenzel, T and Markl, G (2004) Crustal contamination of mafic magmas: evidence from a petrological, geochemical and Sr–Nd–Os–O isotopic study of the Proterozoic Isortoq dike swarm, South Greenland. Lithos 74, 199–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, NBW, Xu, RH, Lewis, CL and Jin, C (1988) Plutonic rocks of the 1985 Tibet geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 327, 145–68.Google Scholar
Herzberg, C and Zhang, J (1996) Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1: compositions of magmas in the upper mantle and transition zone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, 8271–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, AW (1997) Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 385, 219–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskin, PWO and Schaltegger, U (2003) The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 27–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, JK, Veksler, IV, Tegner, C and Brooks, CK (2011) Crystallization of the Skaergaard intrusion from an emulsion of immiscible iron- and silica-rich liquids: evidence from melt inclusions in plagioclase. Journal of Petrology 52, 345–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klemme, S, Günther, D, Hametner, K, Prowatke, S and Zack, T (2006) The partitioning of trace elements between ilmenite, ulvospinel, armalcolite and silicate melts with implications for the early differentiation of the moon. Chemical Geology 234, 251–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Roux, V, Dasgupta, R and Lee, C-A (2011) Mineralogical heterogeneities in the Earth’s mantle: constraints from Mn, Co, Ni and Zn partitioning during partial melting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 307, 395–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, HK, Lu, SN, Xiang, ZQ, Zhou, HY, Guo, H, Song, B, Zheng, JK and Gu, Y (2006) SHRIMP U–Pb zircon age of the granulite from the Qingshuiquan area, Central Eastern Kunlun Suture Zone. Earth Science Frontiers 13, 311–21 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Liu, Y, Gao, S, Hu, Z, Gao, C, Zong, K and Wang, D (2010a) Continental and oceanic crust recycling-induced melt-peridotite interactions in the trans-North China orogen: U–Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements in zircons from mantle xenoliths. Journal of Petrology 51, 537–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y, Hu, Z, Gao, S, Günther, D, Xu, J, Gao, C and Chen, H (2008a) In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard. Chemical Geology 257, 34–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y, Hu, Z, Zong, K, Gao, C, Gao, S, Xu, J and Chen, H (2010b) Reappraisement and refinement of zircon U–Pb isotope and trace element analyses by LA-ICP-MS. Chinese Science Bulletin 55, 1535–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, B, Ma, CQ, Guo, P, Zhang, JY, Xiong, FH and Huang, J (2013a) Discovery of the Middle Devonian A-type granite from the Eastern Kunlun orogen and its tectonic implications. Earth Science – Journal of China University of Geosciences 38, 947–62 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Liu, B, Ma, CQ, Jiang, HA, Guo, P, Zhang, JY and Xiong, FH (2013b) Early Paleozoic tectonic transition from ocean subduction to collisional orogeny in the Eastern Kunlun region: evidence from Huxiaoqin mafic rocks. Acta Petrologica Sinica 29, 2093–106 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Liu, B, Ma, CQ, Zhang, JY, Xiong, FH, Huang, J and Jiang, HA (2012) Petrogenesis of Early Devonian intrusive rocks in the east part of Eastern Kunlun Orogen and implications for Early Palaeozoic orogenic processes. Acta Petrologica Sinica 28, 1785–807 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Liu, Y, Zong, K, Kelemen, PB and Gao, S (2008b) Geochemistry and magmatic history of eclogites and ultramafic rocks from the Chinese continental scientific drill hole: subduction and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism of lower crustal cumulates. Chemical Geology 247, 133–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, XP, Jin, W, Ge, WC and Yu, N (2006) Zircon U–Pb geochronology and geological implications of the granitoids in Jinshuikou, East Kunlun, NW China. Geochimica 35, 333–45 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Lu, L, Wu, ZH, Hu, DG, Barosh, PJ, Hao, S and Zhou, CJ (2010) Zircon U–Pb age for rhyolite of the Maoniushan Formation and its tectonic significance in the East Kunlun Mountains. Acta Petrologica Sinica 26, 1150–8 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Lu, SN, Yu, HF, Jin, W, Li, HK and Zheng, JK (2002) Microcontinents on the eastern margin of Tarim paleocontinent. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 21, 317–26 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Mahéo, G, Blichert-Toft, J, Pin, C, Guillot, S and Pêcher, A (2009) Partial melting of mantle and crustal sources beneath South Karakorum, Pakistan: implications for the Miocene geodynamic evolution of the India–Asia convergence zone. Journal of Petrology 50, 427–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKenzie, DP and Bickle, MJ (1988) The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere. Journal of Petrology 29, 625–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meng, FC, Cui, MH, Jia, LP, Ren, YF and Feng, HB (2015) Paleozoic continental collision of the East Kunlun orogen: evidence from protoliths of the eclogites. Acta Petrologica Sinica 31, 3581–94 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Meng, FC, Zhang, JX and Cui, MH (2013) Discovery of Early Paleozoic eclogite from the East Kunlun, Western China and its tectonic significance. Gondwana Research 23, 825–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mo, XX, Luo, ZH, Deng, JF and Yu, XH (2007) Granitoids and crustal growth in the east-Kunlun orogenic belt. Geological Journal of China Universities 3, 403–14 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Murray, KE, Ducea, MN and Schoenbohm, L (2015) Foundering-driven lithospheric melting: the source of central Andean mafic lavas on the Puna Plateau (22°S–27°S). In Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and Northern Chile (eds DeCelles, PG, Ducea, MN, Carrapa, B and Kapp, PA), pp. 139–66. Geological Society of America Memoirs no. 212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, RL and Beard, JS (2000) Magnetite-melt HFSE partitioning. Chemical Geology 164, 21–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niu, Y and O’Hara, MJ (2003) Origin of ocean island basalts: a new perspective from petrology, geochemistry, and mineral physics considerations. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, JA (2008) Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust. Lithos 100, 14–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, T, Wilde, SA, Fan, W, Peng, B and Mao, Y (2013) Mesoproterozoic high Fe–Ti mafic magmatism in western Shandong, North China Craton: petrogenesis and implications for the final breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. Precambrian Research 235, 190–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perfit, MR and Fornari, DJ (1983) Geochemical studies of abyssal lavas recovered by DSRV Alvin from Eastern Galapagos Rift, Inca Transform, and Ecuador Rift: 2. Phase chemistry and crystallization history. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 88, 10530–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pilet, S, Baker, MB, Muntener, O and Stolper, EM (2011) Monte Carlo simulations of meta-somatic enrichment in the lithosphere and implications for the source of alkaline basalts. Journal of Petrology 52, 1415–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutherford, L, Barovich, K, Hand, M and Foden, J (2006) Continental ca 1.7–1.69 Ga Fe-rich metatholeiites in the Curnamona Province, Australia: a record of melting of a heterogeneous, subduction-modified lithospheric mantle. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 53, 501–19.Google Scholar
Smith, DC (1984) Coesite in clinopyroxene in the Caledonides and its implications for geodynamics. Nature 310, 641–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smythe, DJ and Brenan, JM (2016) Magmatic oxygen fugacity estimated using zircon-melt partitioning of cerium. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 453, 260–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, AV, Hofmann, AW, Kuzmin, DV, Yaxley, GM, Arndt, NT, Chung, S-L, Danyushevsky, LV, Elliott, T, Frey, FA, Garcia, MO, Gurenko, AA, Kamenetsky, VS, Kerr, AC, Krivolutskaya, NA, Matvienkov, VV, Nikogosian, IK, Rocholl, A, Sigurdsson, IA, Sushchevskaya, NM and Teklay, M (2007) The amount of recycled crust in sources of mantle-derived melts. Science 316, 412–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sobolev, NV and Shatsky, VS (1990) Diamond inclusions in garnets from metamorphic rocks; a new environment of diamond formation. Nature 343, 742–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, SG, Bi, HZ, Qi, SS, Yang, LM, Allen, MB, Niu, YL, Su, L and Li, WF (2018) HP–UHP metamorphic belt in the East Kunlun orogen: final closure of the proto-Tethys ocean and formation of the pan-North-China continent. Journal of Petrology 59, 2043–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spandler, C and Pirard, C (2013) Element recycling from subducting slabs to arc crust: a review. Lithos 170–171, 208–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, SS and McDonough, WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In Magmatism in the Ocean Basins (eds Saunders, AD and Norry, MJ), pp. 313–45. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, T, Togashi, S, Kamioka, H, Amakawa, H, Kagami, H, Hamamoto, T, Yuhara, M, Orihashi, Y, Yoneda, S, Shimizu, H, Kunimaru, T, Takahashi, K, Yanagi, T, Nakano, T, Fujimaki, H, Shinjo, R, Asahara, Y, Tanimizu, M and Dragusanu, C (2000) JNdi-1: a neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with LaJolla neodymium. Chemical Geology 168, 279–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatsumi, Y and Eggins, S (1995) Subduction Zone Magmatism. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishing House Science, 211 pp.Google Scholar
Taylor, SR and McLennan, SM (1985) The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 328 pp.Google Scholar
Toplis, MJ and Carroll, MR (1995) An experimental study of the influence of oxygen fugacity on Fe-Ti oxide stability, phase relations, and mineral–melt equilibria in ferro-basaltic systems. Journal of Petrology 36, 1137–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hunen, J and Allen, MB (2011) Continental collision and slab break-off: a comparison of 3-D numerical models with observations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 302, 27–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vantongeren, JA and Mathez, EA (2012) Large-scale liquid immiscibility at the top of the Bushveld Complex. Geology 40, 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X, Dong, GC and Dong, LQ (2018) Genesis of Early Devonian granitoid in east segment of East Kunlun: evidences from Longmoka Pluton. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment 40, 414–27.Google Scholar
Wang, T, Li, B, Chen, J, Wang, JS., Li, WF and Jin, TT (2016) Characteristics of chronology and geochemistry of the early Silurian monzogranite in the Wulonggou area, East Kunlun and its geological significance. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 36, 62–70 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wang, K, Plank, T, Walker, JD and Smith, EI (2002) A mantle melting profile across the Basin and Range, SW USA. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 107, ECV 5-1–ECV 5-21 doi: 10.1029/2001JB000209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, GC, Wei, QR, Jia, XC, Zhang, KX, Li, DW, Zhu, YH and Xiang, SY (2007) Some ideas of Precambrian geology in the East Kunlun, China. Geological Bulletin of China 26, 929–37 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wang, H, Wu, YB, Qin, ZW, Zhu, LQ, Liu, Q, Liu, XC, Gao, S, Wijbrans, JR, Zhou, L, Gong, HJ and Yuan, HL (2013) Age and geochemistry of Silurian gabbroic rocks in the Tongbai orogen, central China: implications for the geodynamic evolution of the North Qinling arc–back-arc system. Lithos 179, 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, X, Sun, FY, Li, L, Yan, JM, Zhang, YT, Wang, YC, Shen, TS and Yang, YJ (2018) The Wulonggou metaluminous A2-type granites in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China: rejuvenation of subduction-related felsic crust and implications for post-collision extension. Lithos 312–313, 108–27.Google Scholar
Winchester, JA and Floyd, PA (1977) Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 20, 325–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiong, FH, Ma, CQ, Jiang, HA, Liu, B, Zhang, JY and Zhou, Q (2013) Petrogenetic and tectonic significance of Permian calc-alkaline lamprophyres, East Kunlun orogenic belt, Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. International Geology Review 55, 1817–34. doi: 10.1080/00206814.2013.804683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiong, FH, Ma, CQ, Zhang, JY, Liu, B and Jiang, HA (2014) Reworking of old continental lithosphere: an important crustal evolution mechanism in orogenic belts, as evidenced by Triassic I-type granitoids in the East Kunlun orogen, northern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of the Geological Society, London 171, 847–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Z, Yang, J, Wu, C, Li, H, Zhang, J, Qi, X, Song, S and Qiu, H (2006) Timing and mechanism of formation and exhumation of the northern Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28, 160–73.Google Scholar
Yang, JS, Robinson, PT, Jiang, CF and Xu, ZQ (1996) Ophiolites of the Kunlun mountains, China and their tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 258, 215–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, N, Jin, W, Ge, WC and Long, XP (2005) Geochemical study on peraluminous granite from Jinshuikou in East Kunlun. Global Geology 24, 123–8 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, JY, Ma, CQ, Xiong, FH, Liu, B, Li, JW and Pan, YM (2014) Early Paleozoic high-Mg diorite-granodiorite in the eastern Kunlun Orogen, western China: response to continental collision and slab break-off. Lithos 210–211, 129–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, JX, Meng, FC, Wan, YS, Yang, JS and Dong, GA (2003) Early Paleozoic tectono-thermal event of the Jingshuikou Group on the southern margin of Qaidam: zircon U–Pb SHRIMP age evidence. Geological Bulletin of China 22, 397–404 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, YF, Pei, XZ, Ding, SP, Li, RB, Feng, JY, Sun, Y, Li, ZC and Chen, YX (2010) LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of quartz diorite at the Kekesha area of Dulan County, eastern section of the East Kunlun orogenic belt, China and its significance. Geological Bulletin of China 29, 79–85.Google Scholar
Zhang, ZW, Qian, B, Li, WY, Wang, YL, Zhang, JW, You, MX and Liu, YG (2017) The discovery of Early Paleozoic eclogite from the Xiarihamu magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in eastern Kunlun orogenic belt: zircon U–Pb chronologic evidence. Geology in China 44, 816–7 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, K, Tang, X, Wang, Y and Zhang, Y (2011) Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd isotopes of early Mesozoic bimodal volcanism in northern Tibet, western China: constraints on the exhumation of the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt. Lithos 121, 167–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, ZW, Wang, CY, Qian, B and Li, WY (2018) The geochemistry characteristics of Silurian gabbro in East Kunlun Orogenic Belt and its mineralization relationship with magmatic Ni-Ci sulphide deposit. Acta Petrologica Sinica 34, 2262–74 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhao, ZF, Dai, LQ and Zheng, YF (2013) Postcollisional mafic igneous rocks record crust–mantle interaction during continental deep subduction. Scientific Reports 3, 3413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, ZM, Ma, HD, Wang, BZ, Bai, YS, Li, RS and Ji, WH (2008) The evidence of intrusive rocks about collision-orogeny during Early Devonian in Eastern Kunlun Area. Geological Review 54, 47–56 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhao, J and Zhou, M (2009) Secular evolution of the Neoproterozoic lithospheric mantle underneath the northern margin of the Yangtze block, South China. Lithos 107, 152–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, YF (2012) Metamorphic chemical geodynamics in continental subduction zones. Chemical Geology 328, 5–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, B, Dong, YP, Zhang, FF, Yang, Z, Sun, SS and He, DF (2016) Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb geochronology of granitoids in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, northern Tibetan Plateau: origin and tectonic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 130, 265–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, MF, Robinson, PT, Lesher, CM, Keays, RR, Zhang, C and Malpas, J (2005) Geochemistry, petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion and associated Fe–Ti–V oxide deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China. Journal of Petrology 46, 2253–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, MF, Zhao, JH, Jiang, CY, Gao, JF, Wang, W and Yang, SH (2009) OIB-like, heterogeneous mantle sources of Permian basaltic magmatism in the western Tarim Basin, NW China: implications for a possible Permian large igneous province. Lithos 113, 583–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Tang et al. supplementary materials

Tang et al. supplementary materials

Download Tang et al. supplementary materials(File)
File 251.4 KB